General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
1st. There are always some which go immediately to communicate with
the system of animal life. The ophthalmic ganglion sends branches to
the motores communes, and to the nasal nerve. The spheno-palatine
communicates with the superior maxillary nerve; the superior cervical
with all the nerves that surround it, viz. above with the motor
externus, within with the great hypoglossal, the par vagum, the
glosso-pharyngeal, the spinal, &c.; behind with the first cervical
pairs. All the ganglions situated above each other along the vertebral
column, send communications through each pair of foramina that
correspond with them. The par vagum communicates with the semi-lunar,
&c. It is not then any separate ganglion of the nerves of animal
life; hence the common expression that designates each ganglion as
arising from this or that pair, or being found in its course, is very
inaccurate. Thus the opthalmic is by no means in the course of the
common motor nerve. The one and the other send each a branch, which
unites; or rather there is a branch of communication between the
ganglion and the cerebral nerve. In general all these branches of
communication with the system of animal life, are short, whitish, and
of the same nature, or at least of the same appearance as the nerves of
this last. They do not form any plexus in their course, rarely furnish
branches, and appear to have no other use than that of establishing
anastomoses between the two systems.
2d. Each ganglion sends above and below branches to the two ganglions
that are contiguous to it. We have seen that the opthalmic and the
spheno-palatine are exceptions to this rule. Sometimes also, as I
have said, there are interruptions in other regions. Notwithstanding
this, these general communications make us regard the ganglions as
being connected every where, and able to receive from each other the
different affections of which they can be primitively the separate
seat. These branches of communication are straight as in the preceding,
sometimes very fine, as between the lumbar and sacral ganglions, at
other times larger, as that which is between the two cervical, superior
and inferior, in some cases very large, as the great splanchnic,
which is a real trunk of communication between the intercostals and
the semi-lunar. The nerves that we are now considering, the last
especially, have like the preceding, an arrangement exactly analogous
to the cerebral nerves; they are formed of whitish cords, which are the
result of filaments. The eye discovers no difference between them.
3d. Many filaments coming from ganglions, go to certain cerebral
muscles, as to the diaphragm, some of those of the neck, &c.; others go
to neighbouring organs only.
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