General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The circulation of the black blood, on the contrary, having no
connexion with any of the functions, seems only destined to repair, if
we may so say, the losses the blood has sustained in the preceding
one. Observe in fact that a considerable part of the red blood is
expended in the exhalations, secretions and nutrition. The principles
it borrowed in the lungs and which gave it a vermilion colour, have
been left in the general capillary system. It is necessary that the
black blood should receive what the other has lost; now a variety of
substances enters the great canal that contains it. These substances
are internal or external. 1st. The great trunks of the absorbents
constantly pour in the lymph of the cellular texture and of the
serous surfaces, the residue of the nutrition of all the organs, the
super-abundant fat, synovia and marrow. All that which is to be thrown
from within out, is first poured into the black blood. 2d. All that
which enters in from without, is also received by it. The chyle, the
product of digestion, is at first uniformly carried into the general
canal, in which it circulates. In the second place, it is with it that
are mixed the substances of the air, which pass through the lungs in
the act of respiration. In fine, when cutaneous or mucous absorptions
take place, the black blood is always the first that receives the
product of them.
It follows from this, that the circulation of black blood is, if we may
so say, a general reservoir in which is poured in the first place all
that is to go out of the body, and all that is to enter it.
In this last respect, it performs an essential part in diseases;
in fact it is undeniable, 1st. that deleterious substances maybe
introduced with the chyle into the economy, and produce ravages there
more or less evident in circulating with our fluids. For this, it is
sufficient that the organic sensibility of the chylous vessels should
be changed; then they admit what before they rejected, as the glands
by changes in their organic sensibility, often secrete fluids that are
usually foreign to them. 2d. We shall prove in the article upon the
cutaneous system, that it is oftentimes the seat of the absorption of
deleterious substances. 3d. We cannot doubt that besides the principles
that colour the blood, there often passes through the lungs deleterious
miasmata which produce diseases, as my experiments upon asphyxia have
proved. The intestines, the lungs and the skin are then a triple gate
open, in many cases, to different morbific causes; now these causes
that enter thus into the economy are all received in the first place in
the black blood; it is not until afterwards that they pass into the red
blood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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