General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
At the end of a period, very different according to the degree of
temperature, the arterial texture yields finally to maceration
and putrefaction. In the first case, it softens gradually without
changing colour, loses the adhesion of its fibres, and is ultimately
resolved into a pulp almost homogeneous and greyish. In the second
case, it becomes greyish at first, then is reduced also to a pulp,
and when all the fluid part is evaporated, there is left a kind of
coal wholly different from that which remains after the putrefaction
of the muscles. In general, it requires much longer time to soften
the arterial texture by maceration than by putrefaction; which shows
the superiority of the action of the air over that of water, in the
production of this phenomenon.
Exposed to the contact of caloric, the arterial texture curls up,
contracts and exhibits the horny hardening in the highest degree.
If the action of water is added to that of caloric, which produces
boiling, the following is the result of it. 1st. Very little froth
rises before ebullition, from the vessel that contains the arterial
texture; we might say that this texture and the muscular present in
this respect, two opposite phenomena in the economy; the small quantity
of froth that arises from the first, is greyish. 2d. At the moment
of ebullition, there is an evident horny hardening, less however
than that of the nervous texture, more sensible in the direction of
the diameters than in that of the axis; a hardening accompanying
this horny hardening, and a yellowish tinge of the liquor. 3d. This
state continues for half an hour or more, ebullition constantly going
on. 4th. Successive softening; but at the same time a greyish tinge
succeeding to the yellow colour; want of adhesion among the fibres,
increasing as the ebullition goes on, so that they break with great
ease. 5th. However prolonged may be the ebullition, the arterial
texture is never reduced, like the fibrous, the cartilaginous, &c. to
a gelatinous and yellowish pulp. The fibres remain as they are, in the
same relation, with the same size, &c. The want of adhesion and the
change of colour are almost the only phenomena they experience. 5th.
The broth, produced by the boiling, is insipid and tasteless, a proof
how few neutral salts the arterial texture contains.
The action of the concentrated acids curls this texture, afterwards
softens it, finally dissolves it in the form of a pulp, yellowish by
the nitric, and blackish by the sulphuric.
Most of the others have a less sensible action than these two. When
they are diluted, there is no horny hardening at the moment the artery
is immersed in them; but its texture is gradually softened, and can be
broken with the least effort, as after boiling. It is never reduced to
a fluid state, how long soever it may continue in the acid.
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