General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The interior of the cranium has but very little cellular texture; it
is even apparently destitute of it. If, however, we raise the tunica
arachnoides, where the vessels enter and where the nerves go out, we
shall find a small quantity, which is remarkable for its delicacy and
transparency. The pia mater is principally formed by this texture, and
the texture of this membrane appears to be continued with that of the
brain; this, however, is extremely hard to be demonstrated; it is not
proved by maceration, and it is scarcely seen except in fungous tumours.
The communications of the cellular texture of the interior of the
cranium are very numerous.
1st. In front it enters the orbit by the optic foramen and the
sphenoidal fissure; hence the redness and heat of the eye in
paraphrenitis,[5] the influence of which is propagated by these
communications, as well as by the continuity of membranes. It enters
the nostrils by the foramina in the cribriform plate; to this perhaps
we may attribute the weight, and pain of the head in coryza.
[5] The word paraphrenitis is meant probably to designate the
inflammation of the meninges of the brain, though this term is not
usually employed by English writers; but the word used by the author
might be translated inflammation of the diaphragm, which certainly is
not his meaning. _Tr._
2d. Below, the numerous foramina of the base of the skull effect
communications between the face and the cerebral cellular texture, and
between it and the top of the pharynx, the zygomatic furrow, &c. In
many cases in which angina is attended with pain, and heaviness in the
head, vertigo, &c. I am convinced that it is in a great measure owing
to these communications, though oftentimes it may be wholly sympathetic.
3d. Above and behind, the cerebral texture is continued with that
of the corresponding parts of the head, by the numerous but small
openings in the sutures; it accompanies the vessels that go from the
dura-mater to the pericranium, and it becomes probably sometimes the
means of communication, that is so frequently observed between these
two membranes, when one is inflamed; hence the sudden affection that
frequently takes place of the dura mater, tunica arachnoides, &c. from
a stroke of the sun upon the integuments of the cranium, &c.
The cellular texture, though more abundant on the outside of the
cranium, is not found in great quantity there, no doubt because the
muscles are so few and thin. Its communications with the face are
evident, especially upon the forehead; as a consequence of erisypelas
of the cranium, nothing is more common than to see the eye-lids
receive the pus that is formed, and which often accumulates in these
moveable veils, so as to occasion considerable deposits. It is by
these communications also that serum is deposited there, and blood
extravasated. Behind and upon the sides, the communications of the
cellular texture of the cranium are also very evident.
_Cellular texture of the face._
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