General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
3d. In the short bones, the texture of the cells always predominates;
the bone is almost wholly formed of it, a delicate layer of compact
texture forms only its covering, and in this respect, the organization
of these bones is the same as that of the long bones at their
extremities; thus the resistance of the bone depends on the whole of
its mass, and no part makes a greater resistance than another against
fractures. We see, from all that has thus far been said, the successive
manner of the solidity of the different bones. In the middle of the
long bones, there is hardly any thing but compact texture to which it
is owing; in the flat bones it is as much to this texture as to that of
the cells; in the extremities of the long bones and in the short ones
it is almost to this last only that its solidity is owing.
4th. In the osseous eminences, the compact texture is more abundant
than elsewhere, especially in those of insertion, as in the prominent
lines of the long bones, which are all formed of it, in the asperities
of the osseous surfaces, in their angles. If the eminence is
considerable, there enters into it also more or less of the texture
of the cells as we see in the spinous and transverse processes of the
vertebræ, in the coracoid, mastoid, &c. processes. The eminences of the
moveable articulations have in general less of the compact texture,
solidity is given to the bone by the articular cartilage. Those of the
immoveable articulations, on the contrary, in general smaller, as the
sutures of the bones of the cranium, for example, are in proportion
more compact than cellular.
5th. In the osseous cavities, all those which serve for moveable
articulations, are only furnished with a very delicate compact layer;
it is thicker when the articulations are immoveable. In general all
the foramina, cavities and canals that transmit from one region to
another vessels, nerves or other organs are everywhere lined with a
compact layer that defends them from the impression of these parts.
The foramina at the base of the cranium, the dental canals, the vidian
foramina, &c. are examples of this arrangement.
_Of the Composition of the Osseous Texture._
Whatever may be the modifications under which it is exhibited, the
osseous texture has everywhere the same nature; the same elements form
it; now these substances are especially a saline calcareous substance
and a gelatinous one.
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