General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The contractility of texture is accommodated in the fibrous system, to
the degree of its extensibility; as it cannot suddenly be distended,
it cannot suddenly contract when it ceases to be distended. This
fact is remarkable in the division of a tendon, of a portion of
aponeurosis, of a ligament laid bare in a living animal, in an
incision of the dura-mater, to discharge blood effused under it, &c. In
all these cases, the edges of the division undergo a separation hardly
perceptible; thus in the rupture of the tendons, the separation being
produced, not by the contraction of the divided extremities, but only
by the motions of the limb, the contact is effected by the position
in which in the natural state this tendon is not drawn: whilst in a
divided muscle, not only this position is necessary, but that in which
there is the greatest possible relaxation, and yet oftentimes contact
is not effected. If whilst a muscle is stretched, we cut its tendon
in a living animal, the end attached to the fleshy fibres separates a
little from the other by the retraction of these fibres; but that which
is attached to the bone remains immoveable, so that there is then but
one cause of separation to this, whereas there are two in a divided
fleshy part. If we cut a tendon when the muscle is relaxed, its ends
remain in place.
The contractility of texture is evident, however, at the end of some
time, in the fibrous system, especially when the organ has been first
stretched; for, when it is divided in its natural state, it is always
hardly any thing. The sclerotica after the puncture of the eye, or
after the amputation of the anterior half of this organ, and the
evacuation of its humours, the tunica albuginea, the peculiar coat of
the spleen and that of the kidney, after the resolution of a tumour
that had stretched their respective organs, the fibrous capsules
after the discharge of the fluid of articular dropsies, the abdominal
aponeuroses after the first and even the second accouchement, the
periosteum after the resolution of exostoses, &c. gradually contract
and resume their original forms.
III. _Vital Properties._
There is never in the fibrous system animal contractility, nor sensible
organic contractility. Organic sensibility and insensible organic
contractility are found there as in all the other organs.
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