General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The vital activity is much greater in the fibrous, than in the osseous
and cartilaginous systems. This is proved very evidently, 1st, by the
degree of animal sensibility which we have just observed in it, and
which is foreign to the other two systems; 2d, by the much greater
disposition of this system to become the seat of pains more or less
frequent, and especially of inflammation, &c.; 3d, by the much more
acute character that this affection has in it, as we see in acute
rheumatism, which principally affects the fibrous parts of the great
articulations of the axilla, the hip, the knee, the elbow, &c. the
aponeurotic part of muscles, &c.; 4th, moreover, by the great mobility
of rheumatic pains, which go with astonishing quickness from one
place to another, which consequently suppose a great quickness in the
alteration of the vital forces of the different parts of this system;
5th, by the greater rapidity of its cicatrization; thus by laying
bare fractures made for the purpose in animals, I have constantly
observed that the fleshy granulations coming from the periosteum and
the medullary organ, are all formed, whilst those furnished by the
bone itself have hardly commenced. I would observe in regard to this
cicatrization, that the parts of the fibrous system in which the
greatest number of blood vessels enter, as the periosteum, the fibrous
membranes, the capsules, &c. are the most capable of this phenomenon,
which takes place with much more difficulty in those where little or
scarcely any blood goes, as in the tendons, the ends of which are very
slow in uniting; 6th, we may finally be convinced of the difference
of vitality of the fibrous system and that of the preceding ones, by
the progress of an exostosis compared with that of periostosis, or a
swelling of the dura-mater, &c. Yet there is still in respect to the
vitality a remarkable slowness in this system. We see it especially in
certain affections of the limbs, in which gangrene takes place, and
makes, like the inflammation that precedes it, rapid progress in the
cellular texture, the muscles, &c. whilst that, as I have said, the
tendons that have been laid bare do not alter until some time after,
and are remarkable for their whiteness in the midst of the general
blackness or lividity.
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