General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
I. _Texture peculiar to the Organization of the Fibro-Cartilaginous
System._
The texture peculiar to the organization of the fibro-cartilaginous
system is composed, as its name indicates, of a fibrous substance, more
than of a true cartilage.
The fibrous substance is as the base of the organ. We distinguish this
base very plainly in the fibro-cartilages of the tendinous grooves and
of the articulations, in those especially of the body of the vertebræ;
it is much less apparent in the membranous fibro-cartilages. Its
fibres are sometimes interlaced, sometimes parallel. In general its
nature is exactly the same as in the fibrous system, hard, resisting,
dense and compact, hence the very great force which the organs of
this system have; hence, 1st, the solidity with which the vertebræ
are kept together; 2d, the difficulty of rupturing, or tearing the
fibro-cartilages of the knee, the jaw, the clavicle, &c.; 3d, the
resistance which that of the radius makes to the inferior luxations of
this bone, luxations which in the forced pronations of this bone have
great tendency to take place, and which cannot without the rupture of
this fibro-cartilage. I have seen an example of a similar displacement
not reduced; the fibro-cartilage was entirely gone; 4th, by bending
the true cartilages they break nearly like a radish; these organs
on the contrary bend in all directions, and resist the agents that
stretch them; 5th, we see men imprudently raise children by their
ears, the fibro-cartilages of which easily support the weight of the
whole body. I am persuaded that those of the nose would do the same.
6th. We know that in the aneurisms of the pectoral or the abdominal
aorta, the bodies even of the vertebræ are much more quickly worn, and
consequently resist less than the substances which unite them.
The cartilaginous portion appears to be interposed between the fibres,
the interstices of which it fills. It is very evident especially in
the articular fibro-cartilages and in those of the grooves; it is
from it that they borrow the white colour that characterizes them,
the inorganic appearance that a section of them exhibits in many
places, and the elasticity which they have. Subjected to ebullition,
the articular fibro-cartilages, like those of the tendinous grooves,
become yellow, transparent, melt into gelatine, though with much more
difficulty than the true cartilages.
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