General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
It is also to this obscurity of the vital properties of the
fibro-cartilages, to their want of energy, that must undoubtedly be
referred the rareness of diseases of these organs. I know but few of
the organic systems in the economy, which are more rarely affected than
that of the fibro-cartilages of the nose, of the ears, the trachea, &c.
Gangrene attacks them with difficulty; they are scarcely altered by it,
whilst the soft parts which surround them are all already black. We
know but little of the kind of fluid they form in their suppuration.
The formation of pus appears to be even very rare in them, owing to
their want of vital activity.
As these organs are hardly ever diseased, we can with difficulty know
their sympathies; I am unable to cite an example of them.
ARTICLE FOURTH.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIBRO-CARTILAGINOUS SYSTEM.
I. _State of this System in the first age._
In the first periods of existence, the articular fibro-cartilages are
much developed, which appears to be the effect of the size of the
articulations at this period. In fact, as the extremities of the bones
are larger in proportion, whilst they are cartilaginous, than when they
are in the osseous state, the articulations are also proportionally
larger, and the organs they contain more developed.
The fibro-cartilages of the grooves, which are found almost all, as
we know, situated at the extremities of the long bones, are not, in
the first age distinct from the cartilages of ossification, which then
form these extremities. Confounded with them, they exhibit no line of
demarcation when we cut the lines at that place. This state continues
until complete ossification; then the fibro-cartilages of the grooves
remain insulated like the cartilages of the osseous extremities.
The interposed gelatinous portion appears to predominate, in childhood,
over the fibrous portion in the articular fibro-cartilages and in those
of the grooves. It is remarkable in the intervertebral substances,
in which this kind of mucilage which occupies the centre, is as to
quantity in the inverse ratio of the age, and in which the fibres are
also more developed. On the pubis, the whole is almost homogeneous in
the fœtus; the transverse fibres do not become very apparent till a
more advanced age. The articulations of the knee, the jaw, &c. have
in their fibro-cartilages, the same arrangement. Ebullition extracts
from them then a much greater quantity of gelatine; they have more the
smooth appearance of the cartilages.
The membranous fibro-cartilages are in general developed early, those
of the ear, the eyes and the nose especially. We see them very evident
in the fœtus. I have observed in two acephalous infants, that, like
all the other parts of the face, they were of a remarkable size, and
much greater than that of the ordinary state. Besides, the whole
fibro-cartilaginous system is, in the fœtus, extremely soft, supple and
unresisting.
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