General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The cellular texture is very abundant in the muscular system; I know
of no system that has a greater proportion of it. This texture forms
a very evident covering around each muscle. This covering is most
commonly loose, filled with fat, easily distended with air in emphysema
and serum in anasarca. At other times it is more dense, compact and
really arranged like a membrane. Such, for example, is the case with
that which covers the great oblique muscle of the abdomen, and the
dissection of which on this account, students at first find very
difficult. The other abdominal muscles, the trapezius, the serratus
major and the great dorsal exhibit also this arrangement. We might say
that in this way nature compensated for the aponeuroses, which are
wanting on the broad muscles of the trunk. Besides, this covering has
only a membranous appearance; it has nothing of its organization, it
disappears in the infiltration in which all the true membranes remain.
Besides this general covering of the muscle, each fasciculus has a less
covering, each fibre a still less one, and each smaller one a real
though almost insensible sheath. We can then represent the cellular
texture of the muscles as forming a series of coverings successively
decreasing. These coverings favour the motion of the fibres which they
separate, either by the serum of the cells, or by the fat they contain,
both fluids, by lubricating, allow them to slip more easily upon each
other. Frequently between these fibres, the cellular texture appears
to form a kind of cross pieces which go at right angles. We see this
arrangement especially in the proper extensor of the great toe, and
in the common extensor, the fleshy fasciculi of which are broad and
delicate when distended. In most of the thick muscles nothing similar
is observed.
The quantity of intermuscular cellular texture is remarkably variable.
In general, in all the broad muscles and in all the large, long
muscles, it is very abundant. It is less in proportion between the
fibres of those of the vertebral canals. Back of the neck, the splenii,
complexi, &c. have less of it than many others, especially in the
spaces that separate them.
Sometimes very considerable cellular elongations are found in the
middle of the muscles, and seem to divide them into two; such is that
which separates the clavicular portion of the great pectoral; this
has even sometimes embarrassed anatomists as to the division of these
organs.
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