General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
It is difficult perhaps to conceive how solid nutritive substances
can be absorbed by vessels so delicate. Hunter, to whom anatomy owes
much both as it respects the absorbents and their uses, has already
removed this objection. It may be added to what he has said, that the
distinction between solids and fluids is not substantial except when
they are in mass; but when they are considered as separate particles,
they do not differ; this is so true, that the same particle makes
alternately part of a solid and a fluid, as in water that is not frozen
and that which is, as in solid or melted lead, &c. Now the nutritive
substances are absorbed particle by particle; then the distinction of
fluid and solid is of no consequence in the function of absorption.
Since the origin of the absorbents is beyond the reach of our senses,
it is difficult, it is impossible even to determine the manner in which
they arise, the peculiar structure which distinguishes them at their
origin, their communications, &c. They undoubtedly differ essentially
according to the mucous, cutaneous, serous, synovial, cellular,
medullary surfaces to which they belong; undoubtedly the nutritive
absorbents differ remarkably from the others; but nothing can be proved
by inspection. What has not been said upon the villous coat of the
intestines considered as the origin of the lacteals, upon their small
bladders, upon the form of the pores of the peritoneum, the pleura,
&c. upon the cellular sponge? I shall not notice here these anatomical
hypotheses, which have been made by an abuse of the microscope, and
which besides, if they had any real foundation, would not lead to any
inference useful to science.
Do the absorbents arise from the capillary system? Judging by
injections, it would seem that they did, for many distinguished
anatomists, by forcing a fine injection through the arteries, have
filled the absorbents in the neighbourhood. I never saw any thing
similar to it myself, yet I am far from denying a fact attested by
Meckel. If many other experiments should confirm it, it would be
established incontestably, it is evident, that the origin of the
absorbents is in the capillary system, as the origin of the excretories
and exhalants are proved to be in the same system. Besides, the
phenomena of absorptions cannot give us any light upon the mode of the
origin of the absorbents.
Where they go off from the surfaces or the organs from which they
arise, the absorbents are extremely delicate; they elude all kinds of
injection. They appear to anastomose with each other, interlace, form a
complicated net-work, which contributes much to the structure of some
parts, especially of the serous membranes. We know however but little
of this interlacing. It is not until they have run a certain course,
that these vessels are cognizable by our senses, and that we can
consequently study them in a general manner.
II. _Course of the Absorbents._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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