General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The lymphatic glands, sometimes insulated as in the extremities of the
limbs, collect in greater number as they approach their common trunks.
The axilla and the groin contain many of them, as I have already said;
but in the abdomen, they are united in a group, and are so close to
each other in the mesentery, that they have appeared to Azelli to form
in this place, not an union of organs, but a single one, which he has
taken for a second pancreas, and to which he has given his name.
II. _Organization._
The colour of these glands, reddish in childhood, grey in the adult,
becomes of a yellowish tinge in old age, and has that subsidence and
flaccidity which then characterize almost all the organs. This colour
varies also according to the regions; thus the bronchial glands have
a black appearance, inherent in part in their structure, but owing
probably also to the fluid that they contain, as the appearance of this
fluid proves, when it is pressed out of a divided gland. This colour
does not depend on its proximity to the lungs and on their colour,
though we know, they have many black spots upon them; the proof of this
is, that I have already very often found the lumbar, mesenteric glands,
&c. also black. Yet there is no part in which this colour would be
more common than around the lungs. Cruikshank, in order to prove the
passage of the lymphatics through the glands, says that he has found
those in the neighbourhood of the liver yellow in jaundice, in which
it is very probable that there is absorption of bile. But this remark
is unimportant, since all the parts of the body, without exception,
exhibit, in this affection, this colour, which is only a little more
evident in the cellular parts.
We cannot deny however but that these glands often take a colour
similar to that of the fluid which fills the absorbents, either in a
natural state, or in injections, on account of the great number of
vascular divisions that penetrate them internally. During digestion, at
the moment the lacteals are transmitting chyle, the mesenteric vessels
become almost as white as this fluid, and soon lose this colour when
the transmission is finished. By filling the absorbent system with
mercury, the same phenomenon is observed.
_Common Parts._
The structure of the lymphatic glands, considered in its common parts,
is as follows; a very abundant, extensible, loose cellular texture
surrounds them, allows them to be moved and easily displaced by the
finger when pushed against them. Hence the remarkable mobility of most
of these organs, in the first periods of their swelling; in which this
texture does not then participate; for it is gradually affected, loses
its laxity, and then adhesion succeeds to mobility. Thus in cancer,
the glands are first rolling, and afterwards become fixed. In acute
inflammations, they are in general fixed, because the neighbouring
texture partakes almost always of the disease.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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