General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
There are circumstances however in which the absorbents have a very
acute sensibility, viz. when they are inflamed. It is a very frequent
phenomenon in diseases, that there is a very evident swelling and
redness, along the course of the sub-cutaneous absorbents in the lower
extremities, giving considerable pain to the patient, terminating
at the inguinal glands, or even extending beyond. In wounds with a
poisoned instrument, in the acute pains of a whitlow, &c. a very
painful sensation is often felt the whole length of the absorbents of
the superior extremities.
The lymphatic glands do not appear to enjoy, in a natural state, animal
sensibility, when they are irritated in different ways, which can
easily be done. But inflammation may develop it in these glands as in
the absorbents, by raising to a high degree their organic sensibility.
Thus the pain is very acute, when after a puncture made by an infected
instrument, after a sprain, &c. these glands swell. We know the extreme
suffering that arises from those in the axilla, when they swell and
suppuration succeeds. Shall I speak of the pains experienced from the
mesenteric glands when cancerous? Who is ignorant of those which buboes
occasion, &c.?
As to animal contractility, it is entirely wanting in the absorbents
and their glands.
The organic properties exhibit in the absorbent system, the following
arrangement. Sensible contractility has been allowed them by Haller.
It is founded upon this, that the lymphatics easily empty themselves
of the chyle that passes through them, and upon this also, that
by touching them with sulphuric acid, they crisp immediately. But
sulphuric acid, like all the concentrated acids and caloric, produces
the same effect upon all animal substances, even after death; it is the
horny hardening. When the absorbents, particularly the thoracic duct
are touched with the point of a scalpel, no contraction follows. If
they are capable of contracting upon themselves, it appears that it is
when they cease to be distended, and not when they are irritated; and
that it is consequently by their contractility of texture. The sensible
organic contractility is then at least doubtful in them, if it exists
it is very obscure and at most to be compared to that of the dartos
muscle.
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