General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
From what has been said, it is evident that the organic properties
perform the principal part in the peculiar life of the absorbent
system. These properties are much more conspicuous there than in the
venous system; at least they are much more capable of being raised.
In fact there are ten inflammations of the absorbents for one of the
veins. This disposition to inflame from the least virus that passes
through their tubes, from pains, though not severe, that are felt at
their extremity, particularly characterizes these vessels. It is rare
that there is found in the course of a vein, those swellings, pains
and inflammations so frequent in the course of the absorbents. This
difference proves a diversity of structure in the peculiar membrane,
notwithstanding its continuity with that of the veins. In fact at the
period when experiments were made upon the transfusion of medicines
into them, authors have not related any case of venous inflammation
from the contact of foreign substances upon the membrane of the veins;
whilst practice frequently presents us this fact in the absorbents.
The lymphatic glands especially have a great tendency to inflammatory
swellings, when deleterious substances that are absorbed come in
contact with them. In the first periods these substances confine their
effects to the first glands they meet; thus the absorption of the
venereal virus hardly extends beyond the glands of the groin; thus
the axillaries alone swell when a puncture is made with an infected
instrument, &c.; the glands that follow, remain untouched.
Though much disposed to inflame, the lymphatic glands exhibit however
more slowness in this affection, than many other animal textures,
the cellular and cutaneous, for example. We know that phlegmon and
erysipelas go through their periods quicker, than the inflammations
of the inguinal, axillary glands, &c. The pain of which these
inflamed glands are the seat differs also much from that of these two
affections; it is more dull, obscure, &c. The pus is more slow in
forming; it resembles considerably cellular pus; it differs much from
that of erysipelas. There are few textures in the economy that are more
disposed than this to hardening after inflammation. For one single time
that the skin become scirrhous after erysipelas, the lymphatic glands
become so twenty. This is truly one of their distinctive characters.
The absorbents often exhibit to a certain degree, like their glands,
a character of slowness in the phenomena over which their organic
properties preside. For example, when concerned in a wound, they
contract, crisp up and close more slowly than the sanguineous
capillaries, that are then also concerned; hence the flow of serum
that continues for some minutes after that of blood has ceased.
This phenomenon is constant in small wounds. If the absorbents and
the capillaries had the same degree of insensible contractility, it
certainly would not take place.
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