General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
It follows from what I have said, that whenever the organic sensibility
of the absorbents is altered in any way, absorption must necessarily
experience a corresponding derangement; now this is what constantly
happens. Serum often bathes for whole months the absorbent orifices,
in dropsy, without raising their sensibility sufficiently to be taken
up by them. Let any cause increase this property, instantly absorption
takes place. Observe some indolent tumours which remain for a long
time in the same state by the stagnation of their fluids, they are
immediately discussed when certain medicines applied to them rouse the
dormant sensibility of their absorbents. Discutients do not act upon
the fluids themselves; they do not attenuate, or cut them, according
to the vague language of physicians, but by changing the degree of
force of the absorbents, they render them able to act. It is so true
that it is in this way that different resolutions are effected, that
often a slight degree of inflammation is previously necessary to their
development; all surgeons know this. Desault did not consider most of
the swellings of the testicles as an obstacle to the operation for
hydrocele by injection. On the contrary it often happened, that after
the irritation produced in the testicles by the surrounding membrane,
the enlargement disappeared, which was only kept up by the want of
energy in the absorbents.
The alterations of organic sensibility can diminish, increase, or
variously modify this property. Let us cease to wonder then at the
extreme variety of the absorptions; let us not be astonished, if many
fluids, besides those ordinarily taken up, can pass into the blood
by the absorbents; if the bile, the urine, the mucous fluids, which
are usually rejected, can enter the circulation; if the blood effused
in the cellular texture is taken up by these vessels. The forces of
life impress, by their extreme variety, the same character on all the
functions over which they preside.
Much has been said of putrid matters passing into the blood, and there
serving as a cause for diseases. This infection of the blood has
undoubtedly been exaggerated; but I am convinced that in many cases it
is real. Why are the colour, consistence, odour, and nature of the
excrements so very variable? If the same substances are always absorbed
from the aliments, it is evident that the residue of these aliments
would always be the same. Observe the innumerable varieties of the
urine, the bile, the mucous fluids, &c. according to the difference
of the principles that concur to form them. Why should not the chyle
present the same variations? it would be the only fluid of its kind
in the animal economy if it did not change under many circumstances.
Now, whence can these changes come, if not from this, that the lacteals
present numberless varieties in their organic sensibility, varieties,
each of which admits only certain principles and rejects the others?
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