General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Physiologists at one time were much engaged with the introduction of
medicinal infusions into the veins of living animals. They circulated
by these infusions purgatives, emetics and a thousand other foreign
substances, the contact of which the blood bore, without occasioning
any other accident to the animal than that of vomiting or alvine
evacuations if they were emetics or purgatives, and a greater or less
general derangement if they were other foreign substances which had no
affinity with any particular organ.
The caustics, as the nitric and sulphuric acids and other very
irritating substances, have alone caused death in these curious
experiments of which Haller has given us a sketch, and which prove that
various substances wholly foreign to the blood can circulate in it, and
that it is a common mass in which are found many principles differing
from each other, and which cannot be always essentially the same. In
these experiments the most important part has been neglected, that of
the infusion of the different animal fluids, particularly the secreted
ones, and those also which are preternaturally produced in diseases. I
think that the different reabsorptions would be much elucidated by the
infusion of the various kinds of pus, sanies, &c. But we have already
sufficient facts to convince us that the fluids and especially the
blood can be diseased; that the various foreign substances mixed with
it can act in a fatal manner upon the solids. In fact, every acrid,
irritating matter, without being mortal, accelerates the action of the
heart and produces a true fever, if injected into the veins. In all
these cases, it is always necessary that the solids should act; for
all the morbid phenomena suppose their alterations; but the principle
of these alterations is in the fluids. They are the excitants, and the
solids the organs excited. Now if there are no excitants, there is no
excitement, and the solids remain unaffected.
Finally there are cases in which the whole economy both solids and
fluids seem to be simultaneously affected; such are adynamic fevers,
in which at the same time that there is a general prostration of the
first, the second appear to be really decomposed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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