General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
_Of the Blood of the Glands._
The quantity of blood that is constantly found in the glands varies
remarkably; they may even be divided in this respect into three
classes. 1st. In the pancreas, the salivary, lachrymal glands, &c.
there is found but very little. It does not furnish the colouring
matter to these organs, which are white, and which, when macerated,
tinge with red but two or three waters. 2d. In the mucous glands, the
prostate, the testicles, and the amygdalæ, there is found a little
more. 3d. The liver and the kidneys contain so great a quantity of
it, that there is not in this respect any proportion between them and
the rest of the glandular system. This is owing in a small degree in
the first to the cause pointed out above; thus it often contains more
than the second, but it is not the essential cause. After death by
hemorrhage in which there was no reflux, in the liver or the kidney
suddenly taken from a living animal, &c. we observe the same thing. In
macerating these glands, it is necessary to renew the water at least
a dozen times before it ceases to be bloody. Hence why when they are
preserved in alkohol on account of an organic disease of which they
were the seat, they must be first macerated for a long time; if not,
the liquor soon becomes turbid from the blood. It is this quantity of
blood which gives to these glands a greater weight in proportion than
that of the other parts. It is from this that their redness is derived,
a colour which no other part exhibits to the same degree, but which is
not more strongly inherent in their texture, than it is in the mucous
surfaces or the muscles. In fact, we remove it with the same ease by
repeated washing. Then the liver assumes a greyish appearance, which
appears to be the colour inherent in its texture, as white is that of
the fleshy fibre. The kidney seems a little less to derive its colour
from the blood. It remains in part red when macerated; the pulp even
which is the product of it, after remaining some months in water, that
has been often changed, still exhibits in some degree this colour, much
less however than in a natural state.
Does the state of the secretions make the quantity of the glandular
blood vary? Does more of this fluid enter the kidney when it furnishes
much urine, than when it secretes but little, or if the same quantity
is brought by the arteries, is less returned by the veins in the first
than the second case? This is an interesting subject for experiment.
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