General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Injections have evidently proved to me that there were vessels in
these cellular bunches, and I have been convinced of it for some time
past by the dissection of some subjects that died of scurvy, in whom
the spots commenced by very small ecchymoses, similar as it were to
flea-bites, and which occupied these little eminences. The petechiæ
of adynamic fevers have a different appearance; but they belong also
to an extravasation of blood in the cellular texture, occupying the
small pores which open on the exterior of the chorion to transmit the
vessels, the hairs, &c. The more prominent these eminences are, of
which we have spoken, the more uneven is the skin. In general they are
more frequent on the extremities and on the back, than on the anterior
part of the trunk. In the extremities there are more of them in the
direction of extension, than in that of flexion.
We attach the idea of a beautiful skin, to that in which these small
tubercles are not found, and in which the chorion is united at its
external surface. Women have commonly this last arrangement more
evident than men. The epidermis which covers these eminences very
often scales off at that place, especially from strong friction, which
contributes still more to render the skin uneven, rough and harsh to
the touch where they exist, which might induce a belief that they are
formed by it, though it is always only accessory to them. Where it
is very thick, as in the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot,
it cannot be raised, and these small cutaneous tubercles are never
seen. In the face where many vessels pass from within outwards, by the
little pores of which we have spoken, we meet with hardly any more of
them. The papillæ scattered among these eminences, are in general very
slightly apparent in the places where they exist.
All anatomists attribute to these last a nervous structure; they regard
them as the termination of all the nerves that go to the skin, and
which, according to them, are expanded to form these, after having
first left their external covering. Some even say that they have traced
filaments even into the papillæ; I confess that I have never been able
to do it. In the ordinary state, the density of the chorion and the
extreme delicacy of the filaments, are evidently an obstacle to it. In
the state of long continued maceration, in which the chorion becomes
pulpy and in which we might consequently trace these filaments, were
it ever possible, it cannot be done. I do not however deny the texture
attributed to the papillæ. The acute sensibility of the skin seems even
to suppose it; but it is only analogy and not demonstration, which
establishes this anatomical fact; indeed all the other senses, whose
organs are so sensible, have the portion of them which receives the
impression of bodies continuous with a nerve.
_Action of different bodies upon the Dermoid Texture._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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