General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The more we advance in age, the less is the quantity of blood that
penetrates the skin. The redness of the cheeks disappears in old
people. We no longer see then the rosy complexion of the young man and
even of the adult, and which arose from the vessels winding through the
cellular texture of the spaces of the chorion.
The continual pressure of external objects increases then remarkably
the adhesion of the subjacent cellular texture to the dermis. They are
separated from each other with great difficulty by carrying the edge
of a scalpel over the internal face of the chorion; a circumstance
which is owing also to this, that the cellular texture having become
more dense, is less easily torn; for this tearing is then necessary,
considering the continuity of the sub-dermoid layer with that which
enters the spaces. The exterior of the skin is uneven and rough. All
the wrinkles of which we have spoken become infinitely more evident;
many belong exclusively to this age.
The vital forces of the dermoid system are more weakened in old age
than those of most of the others, because it is more excited during
life by external bodies. Most of these bodies then make no impression
upon it. The habit of feeling has blunted the animal sensibility. The
touch is exercised but rarely; for, as I have observed, this sense
requires to put it in action, the previous exercise of the will. We
touch, because we have previously seen, heard, tasted, &c. in order
to correct or confirm our other sensations; now the old man, to whom
every thing around is known, to whom nothing is new, is induced to
touch nothing. Compare in this respect the two extreme ages of life.
The infant, to whom every thing that strikes his eyes, his ears, his
nostrils, &c. is unknown, who finds in every thing that surrounds him
new objects of sensation, wishes to touch and lay hold of every thing.
Its little hands are in continual agitation. To touch is a pleasure to
him, for every new object of sensation is agreeable. If in his last
years, man was transported into the midst of objects that never before
struck his senses, he would oftener exercise his touch; but none of
those things excite him among which he has always lived. Hence why old
age is not the age of enjoyments. In fact all our pleasures are almost
relative; we have but little that is absolute; now as habit blunts all
the relative pleasures, which cease because they have existed, the more
the sensations are accumulated by time, the less there are of new ones
left to be experienced, and the more are the sources of happiness dried
up. For a contrary reason, the happiest age is infancy, because it has
before it the whole field of sensations to go over. Man at every step
of his career leaves behind him a cause of his enjoyments. When arrived
at the end he finds only indifference, a state very suitable to his
situation, since it diminishes the distance that separates life from
death.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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