General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Whatever may be the mode of this absorption, it appears that it does
not take place in a constant and uninterrupted manner, like those of
the serous membranes, in which the exhalant and absorbent systems are
in a regular and continual alternation of action. There is scarcely any
but the chylous absorption, that of drinks, and that of the aqueous
portion of the secreted fluids remaining in a reservoir as they come
from their glands, that constantly take place. Nothing is more variable
than the other absorptions. Under the same influence, the glans takes
up or leaves the venereal virus; the internal surface of the bronchia
sometimes admits and sometimes refuses admittance to contagious
miasmata. There are more cases of retention in which the urine is not
absorbed entirely, than there are where this absorption takes place,
&c. &c. The innumerable varieties of the vital forces of the mucous
membranes, varieties produced by those of the stimuli with which they
are in contact, explain these phenomena. If these forces are raised
or diminished a little, the absorption is altered, even that which is
natural, as that of the chyle. Take a purgative; it contracts, shuts
even the mouth of the absorbents of the intestinal canal; as long as
the irritation continues, all the drinks that are taken pass off by
the anus; at the end of four or five hours, the absorbents gradually
recover their natural tone and absorption recommences. In these cases,
the first discharges are only the intestinal matters, the others are
the copious drinks that have been taken. There are many diseases in
which, the sensibility of the chylous absorbents being too much raised,
they are no longer in relation with the aliments, they take up with
difficulty the residue of them, &c. Deficiency of action produces
the same phenomenon; in absorption in fact it is a middle degree of
sensibility of the organ which produces it, a degree below or above
which it cannot take place.
All the mucous absorbents appear to go to the thoracic duct.
_Nerves._
I would remark that at all the origins of the mucous system, where the
animal sensibility is very great and where it places us, like the skin,
in relation with external bodies, cerebral nerves are distributed. The
pituitary and palatine membranes, the conjunctiva, the mucous surface
of the rectum, the glans penis, the prepuce, &c. exhibit this fact very
evidently. There are hardly any nervous filaments coming from the
ganglions in these different places.
On the contrary, this last species of nerves is the predominant one
in the intestines, in all the excretories, in the reservoirs of the
secreted fluids, &c. places where the organic sensibility is the most
evident.
ARTICLE THIRD.
PROPERTIES OF THE MUCOUS SYSTEM.
I. _Properties of Texture._
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