even arise the succession from pleasure to painful sensations, as in the preceding case it converts pain to pleasure. I would however observe that this remarkable influence of habit is only exerted upon sensations produced by simple contact, and not upon those produced by real injuries, as the tearing, the forced stretching, the cutting or pinching of the mucous system; thus it does not mitigate the pains caused in the bladder by pressure and by the tearing a stone occasions, or on the surface of the womb, of the nasal fossæ, &c. by a polypus, on that of the œsophagus or the wind-pipe by a sharp and uneven body accidentally lodged there, &c. &c. It is to this power of habit over the sensibility of the mucous system, that must be in part referred the gradual diminution of its functions, which accompanies age. Every thing is stimulant in infancy, every thing is blunted in old age. In one, the very active sensibility of the alimentary, biliary, urinary, salivary surfaces, &c. contributes principally to produce that rapidity with which the digestive and secretory phenomena succeed each other; in the other, this sensibility blunted by habitual contact, connects but slowly the same phenomena. Is it not from the same cause that arises this remarkable modification of the sensibility of this system, viz. that at its origins, as upon the pituitary, the palatine membranes, the œsophagus, the glans penis, the opening of the rectum, &c. it gives us the sensation of the bodies with which it is in contact, and that it does not give this sensation in the very deep organs which it lines, as in the intestines, the excretories, the gall-bladder, &c.? In the interior of the organs, this contact is always uniform; the bladder only knows the contact of the urine, the gall-bladder that of the bile, the stomach that of the aliments masticated and reduced, whatever may be their diversity, to an uniform, pulpy mass. This uniformity of sensation produces no perception, because in order to perceive, it is necessary to compare, and here the two terms of comparison are wanting. Thus the fœtus has no sensation of the waters of the amnios; thus, the air, very irritating to a new born infant, becomes insensible to it. On the contrary, at the beginning of the mucous membranes, the stimulants vary every instant; the mind can then perceive the presence of them, because it can establish approximations between their different modes of action. What I say is so true, that if in the interior of the organs, the mucous membranes are in contact with a foreign body, different from that which they are accustomed to, they transmit the sensation of it to the mind. A catheter in the bladder, sounds introduced into the stomach, &c. are examples of this. Fresh air, in great heat of the atmosphere, suddenly introduced into the trachea, carries an agreeable sensation over the whole surface of the bronchia; but habit soon renders us insensible to it and we cease to have the perception of it.