Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the AnarchyRound, John Horace
History
Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the Anarchy
Round, John Horace
Great Britain -- History -- Stephen, 1135-1154; Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, -1144
The position of the opposing forces became a very strange one. The
Empress and her followers, from the castle, besieged the bishop's
palace, and were in turn themselves besieged by the Queen and her host
without.[411] It was the aim of the latter to cut off the Empress from
her base of operations in the west. With this object they burnt
Andover,[412] and harassed so successfully the enemy's convoys, that
famine was imminent in the city.[413] The Empress, moreover, was clearly
outnumbered by the forces of the Queen and legate. It is agreed on all
hands that the actual crisis was connected with an affair at Wherwell,
but John of Hexham and the author of the _Gesta_ are not entirely in
accord as to the details. According to the latter, who can hardly be
mistaken in a statement so precise, the besieged, now in dire straits,
despatched a small force along the old Icknield Way, to fortify Wherwell
and its nunnery, commanding the passage of the Test, in order to secure
their line of communication.[414] John of Hexham, on the contrary,
describing, it would seem, the same incident, represents it as merely
the despatch of an escort, under John the Marshal and Robert fitz Edith,
to meet an expected convoy.[415] In any case, it is clear that William
of Ypres, probably the Queen's best soldier, burst upon the convoy close
to Wherwell, and slew or captured all but those who sought refuge within
the nunnery walls.[416] Nor are the two accounts gravely inconsistent.
On the other hand, the Continuator of Florence appears at first sight to
imply that the Marshal and his followers took refuge at Wherwell in the
course of the general flight,[417] and this version is in harmony with
the _Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal_.[418] But putting aside William
of Malmesbury, whose testimony is ambiguous on the point, I consider the
balance to be clearly in favour of the _Gesta_ and John of Hexham, whose
detailed accounts must be wholly rejected if we embrace the other
version, whereas the Continuator's words can be harmonized, and indeed
better understood, if we take "ad monasterium Warewellense fugientem" as
referring to John taking refuge in the nunnery (as described in the
other versions) when surprised with his convoy. Moreover, the evidence
(_vide infra_) as to the Empress leaving Winchester by the west instead
of the north gate, appears to me to clinch the matter. As to the Marshal
poem, on such a point its evidence is of little weight. Composed at a
later period, and based on family tradition, its incidents, as M. Meyer
has shown, are thrown together in wrong order, and its obvious errors
not a few. I may add that the Marshal's position is unduly exalted in
the poem, and that Brian fitz Count (though it is true that he
accompanied the Empress in her flight) would never have taken his orders
from John the Marshal.[419] Its narrative cannot be explained away, but
it is the one that we are most justified in selecting for rejection.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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