[560] That these securities were modelled on the practice of contracting sovereign powers is seen on comparing them with the treaty between Henry I. and the Count of Flanders (see Appendix S). But most to the point is the treaty between King Stephen and Duke Henry, where the clause for securing the "conventiones" runs:—"Archiepiscopi vero et episcopi ab utraque parte in manu ceperunt quod si quis nostrum a predictis conventionibus recederet, tam diu eum ecclesiastica justicia coercebunt, quousque errata corrigat et ad predictam pactionem observandam redeat. Mater etiam Ducis et ejus uxor et fratres ipsius Ducis et omnes sui quos ad hoc applicare poterit, hæc assecurabunt." [561] We may perhaps compare the oath taken by the French king some years before, to secure the charter ("Keure") granted to St. Omer by William, Count of Flanders (April 14, 1127):—"Hanc igitur Communionem tenendam, has supradictas consuetudines et conventiones esse observandas fide promiserunt et sacramento confirmaverunt Ludovicus rex Francorum, Guillelmus Comes Flandriæ," etc., etc. [562] See Appendix T, on "Affidatio in manu." [563] See Appendix U: "The Families of Mandeville and De Vere." [564] _Add. MSS._, 31,943, fols. 86 _b_, 99, 116 _b_. [565] It is headed "Pro Comite Oxoniæ Carta Matildæ Imperatricis confirmata," and it confirms the grants made by her "prout per cartam illam (_i.e._ Matildæ) plenius liquet." [566] See Appendix V, on "William of Arques." [567] _i.e._ escambio. [568] Of Helions in Bumsted Helion, Essex, the other portion of the parish, viz. Bumsted Hall, being, at and from the Survey, a portion of the De Vere fief. These his ten fees duly figure in the _Liber Niger_. [569] Dedham, Essex. [570] They were named, I presume, from the castle of Rames, adjoining the forest of Lillebonne. [571] This would seem to imply that Roger de Ramis had married a sister of Aubrey de Vere. See Appendix X: "Roger de Ramis." [572] Grey's Thurrock, in South Essex, being that portion of it which had been held by William Peverel at the Survey. [573] Query, the "Salamon clericus de Sudwic" (Northants) of the Pipe-Roll of 31 Hen. I. (p. 85)? [574] This was not Tilbury on the Thames, but Tilbury (Essex) near Clare, as is proved by _Liber Niger_ (p. 393), where this land of Salamon proves to be part of the honour of Boulogne, held as a fifth of a knight's fee. [575] See Appendix R: "The Forest of Essex." [576] Geoffrey Talbot appears in the Pipe-Roll of 31 Henry I. as paying two hundred marks of silver for his father's land in Kent (p. 67). As "Agnes Vxor Gaufredi Talebot" is charged, at the same time, "pro dote et maritagio suo" (_ibid._), it would seem that our Geoffrey had a father of the same name. We learn from the _Liber Niger_ (i. 58) that at the death of Henry I. (1135) he held twenty knights' fees in Kent. [577] "Rogeri" in MS. [578] Or "Rumard." [579] _Rectius_ Petr[us].