From these we must at once deduct the two admitted to be "questionable:" William of Ypres, because I am enabled to state absolutely, from my own knowledge of charters, that he never received an English earldom,[808] and Aubrey de Vere, because there is no evidence whatever that Stephen created him an earl. On the other hand, we must add the earldoms of Arundel (or Chichester or Sussex) and of Lincoln.[809] When thus corrected, the list will run:— DERBY. Robert de Ferrers (1138). YORKSHIRE. William of Aumâle (1138). PEMBROKE. Gilbert de Clare (1138). ESSEX. Geoffrey de Mandeville (1140). LINCOLN. William de Roumare (? 1139-1140). NORFOLK. Hugh Bigod (before February, 1141). ARUNDEL. William de Albini (before Christmas, 1141). HERTFORD. Gilbert de Clare[810] (before Christmas, 1141). BEDFORD. Hugh de Beaumont (? 1138). A glance at this list will show how familiar are these titles to our ears, and how powerful were the houses on which they were bestowed. With the exception of the last, which had a transitory existence, the names of these great earldoms became household words. Turning now to the earldoms of the Empress, and confining ourselves to new creations, we obtain the following list:— CORNWALL. Reginald fitz Roy (? 1141). DEVON. Baldwin de Redvers (before June, 1141). DORSET (or SOMERSET). William de Mohun (before June, 1141). HEREFORD. Miles of Gloucester (July, 1141). OXFORD. Aubrey de Vere (1142). WILTSHIRE ("SALISBURY"). Patrick of Salisbury (in or before 1149).[811] This varies from Dr. Stubbs's list in omitting ESSEX (Geoffrey de Mandeville) as only a confirmation, and adding DEVON (Baldwin de Redvers), an earldom which is always, but erroneously, stated to have been conferred upon Baldwin's father _temp._ Henry I.[812] Of these creations, Hereford is the one of which the facts are best ascertained, while Dorset or Somerset is that of which least is known.[813]