Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the AnarchyRound, John Horace
History
Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the Anarchy
Round, John Horace
Great Britain -- History -- Stephen, 1135-1154; Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, -1144
Here we see the danger of catching at a phrase. For if the _Gesta_ says
that Baldwin landed "forti militum catervâ" (p. 53), it also asserts
that the Empress came "cum robustâ militum manu" (p. 55)—a phrase which
Mr. Howlett ignores—while it speaks of her son, in later years, arriving
"cum florida militum catervâ," when, according to Mr. Howlett, "his
following was small" (p. xvii.), and when, indeed, the _Gesta_ itself
(p. 129) explains that this "florida militum catervâ" was in truth
"militum globum exiguum." But this is not all. Mr. Howlett speaks, we
have seen, of "twenty or thirty retainers," and asserts that "Malmesbury
and Robert of Torigny agree that he [Earl Robert] had but a handful of
men—twenty, or even twelve as the former has it" (p. xxiv.). It is
difficult to see how he came to do so, for William of Malmesbury
distinctly states that he brought with him, not twelve, but a hundred
and forty knights,[833] and, in his recapitulation of the earl's
conduct, repeats the same number. Now, if the _Gesta_ admits that the
little band of knights who accompanied, in later years, the young Henry
to England, was swollen by rumour to many thousands,[834] surely it is
easy to understand how the hundred and forty knights, who accompanied
the earl to England, were swollen by rumour (when it reached the
Continuator of Florence of Worcester) to a "grandis exercitus,"—without
resorting to Mr. Howlett's far-fetched explanation that the Continuator
confused the two landings and imagined that the Empress had arrived with
Baldwin, who "landed at Wareham ... about August 1." But if he was so
ill informed, what is the value of his evidence? And indeed, his
statement that she landed "at Portsmouth" (not, be it observed, at
Wareham, nor with Baldwin) places him out of court, for it is accepted
by no one. Mr. Howlett offers the desperate explanation, which he terms
"no strained conjecture," that "Earl Robert went on by sea to
Portsmouth," a guess for which there is no basis or, indeed,
probability, and which, even if admitted, would be no explanation; for
the Continuator takes the Empress and her brother to Portsmouth first
and to Arundel afterwards.
The real point to strike one in the matter is that the Empress should
have landed in Sussex when her friends were awaiting her in the west—for
Mr. Howlett fails to realize that she trusted to them and not to an
"army" of her own.[835] The most probable explanation, doubtless, is
that she hoped to evade Stephen, while he was carefully guarding the
roads leading from the south-western coast to Gloucester and Bristol.
Robert of Torigny distinctly implies that Stephen had effectually closed
the other ports ("Appulerunt itaque apud Harundel, quia tunc alium
portum non habebant").
In any case Mr. Howlett's endeavour to harmonize the two conflicting
dates—the end of July and the end of September—by suggesting as a
compromise the end of August, cannot be pronounced a success.[836]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account