Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the AnarchyRound, John Horace
History
Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the Anarchy
Round, John Horace
Great Britain -- History -- Stephen, 1135-1154; Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, -1144
This third penny "redditus burgi" is in Domesday absolutely erratic. In
the Wiltshire and Somersetshire towns, it seems to have been held by the
king himself, though at Cricklade both he and Westminster Abbey are
credited with it (64 _b_, 67). At Leicester it was held by Hugh de
Grantmesnil, but we are not told by what right (i. 230). At Stafford it
had been held by the English earl, and had fallen with his estates to
the Crown. The Conqueror kept it, but, halving his own two-thirds share,
made a fresh "third," which he granted to Robert de Stafford.[856] At
Ipswich it had, with the "tertius denarius [_i.e._ placitorum] de duobus
hundret," been annexed to an estate held by the local earl. The whole of
this was granted by the Conqueror to his follower, Earl Alan.[857] At
Worcester, by a curious arrangement, the total render had been divided,
in unequal portions, between the king and the earl, while a third of the
whole was received by the bishop. At Fordwich "the third penny" fell to
Bishop Odo, and was bestowed by him, with the king's consent, on St.
Augustine's, Canterbury, to which the other two-thirds had been given
already by the Confessor. The case of Bristol has led Mr. Freeman into a
characteristic error. We read in Domesday:—
"Burgenses dicunt quod episcopus G. habet xxxiii marcas argenti et unam
marcam auri p[re]ter firmam regis" (i. 163).
Mr. Freeman, who is never weary of insisting on the value of Domesday,
is clearly not so familiar as one could wish with its normal
contractions, for he renders the closing words "p_rop_ter firmam regis."
On this he observes: "This looks like the earl's third penny; but
Geoffrey certainly had no formal earldom in Gloucestershire."[858] When
we substitute for the meaningless "propter" the right reading "preter"
("in addition to"), we see at once that the figures given no longer
suggest a "third penny."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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