[312] Ralph Paynell had instigated the Earl of Gloucester's raid on Nottingham the previous September (_Cont. Flor. Wig._, 128), and was one of the rebels in 1138, when he held Dudley against the king (_ibid._, 110). He was presumably identical with the "Rad[ulfus] Paen[ellus]" of 1130 (_Rot. Pip_, 31 Hen. I.). He witnessed the charter to Roger de Valoines (see p. 286), and three other charters of the Empress (_Journ. B. A. A._, xxxi. 391, 395, 398), including the creation of the earldom of Hereford (25 July, 1141). [313] Walchelin Maminot had been among the witnesses to the above Westminster charters of (Easter) 1136, but had held Dover against the king in 1138 (_Ord. Vit._, v. 310). when Ordericus (v. 111, 112) speaks of him as a son-in-law of Robert de Ferrers (Earl of Derby). He witnessed the charter to Roger de Valoines (see p. 286), and five other charters of the Empress (_Journ. B. A. A._, xxxi. 388, 391, 394 _bis_, 398), including the creation of the earldom of Hereford (25 July 1141), and he appears in the Pipe-Rolls and other records under Henry II. from 1155 to 1170. [314] Robert, natural son of Henry I. by Edith (afterwards married to Robert d'Oilli of Oxford), and uterine brother, as Mr. Eyton observes (_Addl. MSS._, 31,943, fol. 115), "to Henry d'Oilli of Hook-Norton." He appears in connection with Devonshire in the Pipe-Roll of 31 Hen. I., and is probably identical with Robert "brother" of Earl Reginald of Cornwall (_vide ante_, p. 82). He is mentioned as present (as "Robert fitz Edith") at the siege of Winchester, a few weeks later (_Sym. Dun._, ii. 310), and he was among the witnesses to the Empress's charters (Oxford, 1142) to the earls of Oxford and of Essex, and to her charter (Devizes) to Geoffrey de Mandeville the younger (_vide post_). He subsequently witnessed Henry II.'s charter (? 1156) to Henry de Oxenford (_Cart. Ant._ D., No. 42). See also _Liber Niger_. Working from misleading copies, Mr. Eyton wrongly identifies this Robert "filius Regis," as a witness to three charters of the Empress, with a Robert fitz Reg_inald_ (de Dunstanville) (_History of Shropshire_, ii. 271). [315] Robert fitz Martin occurs in the Pipe-Roll of 31 Hen. I. in connection with Dorset. Dugdale and Mr. Eyton (_Addl. MSS._, 31,943, fol. 90) affiliate him as son of a Martin of Tours, who had established himself in Wales. He witnessed two other charters of the Empress (_Journ. B. A. A._, xxxi. 391, 395), both of them at Oxford. A son of his (filius Roberti filii Martini) held five knights' fees of Glastonbury Abbey in 1166.