a work, applied in topography to places where manufactures are carried on; _e.g._ _Bergwerk_ (a hill work or mine); Konigswerk (the king’s manufactory); Hofwerk and Werkhausen (places connected with mines); Hüttenwerk (the huts of the workmen in the Hartz Mountains); Seifenwerk (the place for washing the metals at the mines); Frederickswerk (a cannon foundry in Denmark established by King Frederick); Wirksworth, in Derbyshire (the enclosure near the mines). [Sidenote: WESTEN (Ger.),] the west. This word Buttman traces to an old Ger. root _wesen_, Goth. _visan_ (rest), _i.e._ the quarter of the heavens where the sun sinks to rest; _e.g._ Westphalia (the western plain); Westerwald (west wood); Westerufer (the western shore, _i.e._ of the R. Inn); Westhausen and Westhoffen (the west dwellings and court), in Alsace; Wesen, on the west shore of Lake Wallensee; Westeraas, in Sweden, anc. _Vestra-aros_ (western dwelling), so called to distinguish it from Ostra-aros (the eastern dwelling); Westman’s Isles, Scand. _Vestmanna-eyar_, on the coast of Iceland, so called because peopled by men from the west--Irish pirates; Westbury, Westbourn, Weston, Westbrook, from the same root. [Sidenote: WICH, WIC, WYK (Teut.), WICK, VIG (Scand.), WAS, WIES (Sclav.),] a dwelling, a village, a town--a word in general use in the topography of Great Britain, as well as on the continent, but with various meanings. According to Leo, the Teut. _wich_ or _vichs_ arose from the root _waes_, A.S., and _wiese_, Ger. (a moist meadow) and hence was applied to places situated on low lands, often on the bank of a stream; _e.g._ Meeswyk (the town on the Maas); Beverwyk, on the Bever. The primary meaning seems to have been a station--with the Anglo-Saxons a station or abode on the _land_, with the Norsemen a station for _ships_. The root of the word runs through all the Aryan languages--Sansc. _veça_, Grk. _oikos_, Pol. _wies_, Ir. _fieh_, Cym.-Cel. _qwic_, all meaning an abode; _e.g._ Alnwick (the town on the R. Alne); Ipswich, anc. _Gippenswich_, on the Gipping; York, A.S. _Eorvic_, Lat. _Eboracum_, Welsh _Caer-Ebreuc_ (the town on the water, or R. Eure); Hawick (the town on the haugh or low meadow); Noordwyk (north town); Nederwyk (lower town); Zuidwyk and Zuick (south town), in Holland and Belgium; Harwich (army town), so called from having been a Saxon station or military depot; Keswick (the town of Cissa); Wickware, in Gloucestershire (the town of the family of De la Ware). On the other hand, the Scandinavian _wich_ or _vig_ signifies a bay, or a place situated on the coast, or at the mouth of a river--thus Schleswick (on a bay formed by the R. Schlie), in Prussia; Wick (the town on the bay), in Caithness; Sandwich (the town on the sandy bay); Lerwick (on the muddy bay); Greenwich, Scand. _Granvigen_ (the town on the pine bay); Reikjavik, in Iceland (the reeky or smoky bay); Vigo in Spain, and Vaage in Norway (on spacious bays); Swanage, in Dorset, anc.