_Castrum-Lucius_ (the fortress by Lucius Capriolus, in the reign of Augustus); Passau, in Bavaria, Lat. _Batavia-Castra_ (the Batavians’ camp), corrupted first to _Patavium_ and then to Passau; La Chartre, Chartre, and Chartres (the place of the camps), in France; Chartre-sur-Loire, Lat. _Carcer-Castellum_ (the castle prison or stronghold); Castril, Castrillo (little fortress); Castro-Jeriz (Cæsar’s camp); Ojacastro (the camp on the R. Oja), in Spain. [Sidenote: CAVAN, CABHAN (Irish), CAVA, LA (It.), CUEVA (Span.), a cave, COFA (A.S.), a cove,] a hollow place, cognate with the Lat. _cavea_ or _cavus_; _e.g._ Cavan (the hollow), the cap. of Co. Cavan, and many other places from this root in Ireland. _Cavan_, however, in some parts of Ireland, signifies a round hill, as in Cavanacaw (the round hill of the chaff, _catha_); Cavanagh (the hilly place); Cavanalick (the hill of the flagstone); Covehithe, in Suffolk (the harbour of the recess); Runcorn, in Cheshire, _i.e._ _Rum-cofan_ (the wide cove or inlet); Cowes (the coves), in the Isle of Wight; La Cava, in Naples; Cuevas-de-Vera (the caves of Vera); Cuevas-del-Valle (of the valley), in Spain. [Sidenote: CEALD (A.S.), KALT (Ger.), KOUD (Dut.),] cold; _e.g._ Caldicott, Calthorpe, Calthwaite (cold dwelling); Koudhuizon, Koudaim, with the same meaning; Caldbeck, Kalbach, Kallenbach (cold stream); Kaltenherberg (cold shelter); Calvorde (cold ford); Kaltenkirchen (cold church); Colwell (cold well). [Sidenote: CEANN (Gadhelic),] a head, a point or promontory--in topography _kin_ or _ken_; _e.g._ Kinnaird’s Head (the point of the high headland); Kintyre or Cantire (the head of the land, _tir_); Kenmore (the great point), at the head of Loch Tay; Kinloch (the head of the lake); Kincraigie (of the little rock); Kinkell (the head church, _cill_); Kendrochet (bridge end); Kinaldie and Kinalty (the head of the dark stream, _allt-dubh_); Kingussie (the head of the fir-wood, _guith-saith_); Kinnaird (the high headland), the name of a parish in Fife and a village in Stirling. Kinross may mean the point (_ros_) at the head of Loch Leven, with reference to the _town_ or with reference to the _county_, which in early times formed part of the large district called the _Kingdom of Fife_, anciently called _Ross_; and in this sense it may mean either the head of the promontory or of the wood, both of which are in Celtic _ros_. The ancient name of Fife, _Ross_, was changed into Fife in honour of Duff, Earl of Fife, to whom it was granted by Kenneth II., and in 1426 Kinross was separated from it, or, according to Nennius, from _Feb_, the son of Cruidne, ancestor of the Picts. Kintore (the head of the hill, _tor_); Kinneil, _i.e._ _Ceann-fhail_ (the head of the wall), _i.e._ of Agricola; Kinell, Kinellar (the head of the knoll); King-Edward, corrupt. from _Kinedur_ (the head of the water, _dur_); Kinghorn, from _Ceann-cearn_ (corner headland)--Wester