castle in the middle of the plain or land, _lann_); Neufchatel (new castle); Newcastle-upon-Tyne, named from a castle built by Robert, Duke of Normandy, on the site of Monkchester; Newcastle-under-Line, _i.e._ under the _lyme_ or boundary of the palatinate of Chester, having its origin in a fortress erected by Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, instead of the old fort of Chesterton; Castleton, in Man, is the translation of _Ballycashel_ (castle dwelling), founded by one of the kings of the island; Bewcastle (the castle of Buith, lord of Gilsland); Old and New Castile, in Spain, so named from the numerous fortresses erected by Alphonso I. as defences against the Moors. Cassel, in Prussia, and various places with this prefix in England and Scotland, owe the names to ancient castles around which the towns or villages arose, as Castletown of Braemar, Castle-Douglas, Castle-Rising, etc.; Castlecary, in Stirlingshire, supposed to be the _Coria Damnorum_ of Ptolemy, and the _Caer-cere_ of Nennius; Barnard Castle, built by Barnard, the grandfather of Baliol; Castell-Llechryd (the castle at the stone ford), on the banks of the R. Wye, in Wales; Cestyll-Cynfar (castles in the air). [Sidenote: CASTER, CHESTER, CEASTER (A.S.),] a fortress, city, town, from the Lat. _castrum_ (a fortified place), and _castra_ (a camp); _e.g._ Caistor, Castor, Chester (the site of a Roman fort or camp). The Welsh still called the city of Chester _Caerleon_, which means the city called _Legio_, often used as a proper name for a city where a Roman legion was stationed; Doncaster, Lancaster, Brancaster, Illchester, Leicester, Colchester (_i.e._ the camps on the Rivers Don, Lune, Bran, Ivel, Legre or Leir, Colne); Alcester, on the Alne; Chichester (the fortress of Cissa, the Saxon prince of the province); Cirencester, anc. _Corinium-ceaster_ (the camp on the R. Churn); Exeter, Cel. _Caer-Isc_ (the fortress on the river or water, _wysk_); Towcester, on the R. Towey; Gloucester, Cel. _Caer-glow_ (the bright fortress); Godmanchester (the fort of the priest), where Gothrun, the Dane, in the reign of Alfred, embraced Christianity; Chesterfield and Chester-le-Street (the camp in the field and the camp on the Roman road, _stratum_); Winchester, Cel. _Caer-gwent_ (the camp on the fair plain), p. 38; Dorchester (the camp of the _Durotriges_ (dwellers by the water); Worcester, _Hwicwara-ceaster_ (the camp of the Huiccii); Silchester, Cel. _Caer-Segont_ (the fort of the Segontii); Manchester, probably the camp at _Mancenion_ (the place of tents), its ancient name; Rochester, Cel. _Durobrivae_ (the ford of the water), A.S. _Hrofceaster_, probably from a proper name; Bicester (the fort of Biren, a bishop); Alphen, in Holland, anc. _Albanium-castra_ (the camp of Albanius); Aubagne, in Provence, anc. _Castrum-de-Alpibus_ (the fortress of the Alps); Champtoceaux, Lat. _Castrum-celsum_ (lofty fortress); St. Chamond, Lat. _Castrum-Anemundi_ (the fortress of Ennemond); Chalus, Lat.