a cross, cognate with the Lat. _crux_; _e.g._ Crosby (the dwelling near the cross); Crossmichael (the cross of St. Michael’s Church); Groes-wen for Croes-wen (the blessed cross), in Glamorgan; Crossthwaite (the forest-clearing at the cross); Croxton (cross town); Crewe and Crewkerne (the place at the cross); Croes-bychan (little cross); Kruzstrait (the road at the cross), in Belgium; Crosscanonby, Crosslee, Crosshill, places in different parts of Scotland, probably named from the vicinity of some cross; but Crossgates, Co. Fife, so called from its situation at a spot where roads cross each other. It was usual with the Celts in Ireland, as well as with the Spaniards and Portuguese in America, to mark the place where any providential event had occurred, or where they founded a church or city, by erecting a cross--as in St. Croix, Santa-Cruz, and Vera Cruz (the true cross), in South America. In Ireland: Crosserlough (the cross on the lake); Crossmolina (O’Mulleeny’s cross); Aghacross (the fort at the cross); Crossard (high cross); Crossreagh (gray cross); Crossmaglen, Irish _Cros-mag-Fhloinn_ (the cross of Flann’s son); Crossau, Crossoge, and Crusheen (little cross); Oswestry, in Shropshire, anc. _Croes-Oswalt_ (the cross on which Oswald, King of Northumberland, was executed by Penda of Mercia). Its Welsh name was _Maeshir_ (long field), by the Saxons rendered _Meserfield_; Marcross (the cross on the sea-shore), in Glamorgan; Pen-y-groes, Maen-y-groes, Rhyd-y-croessau (the hill, the stone of the cross, the ford of the crosses), in Wales; Glencorse, near Edinburgh, for _Glencross_, so named from a remarkable cross which once stood there; Corstorphine, in Mid-Lothian, corrupt. from _Crostorphin_, which might mean the cross of the beautiful hill, _torr fioum_, or the cross of a person called Torphin. In the reign of James I. the church of Corstorphine became a collegiate foundation, with a provost, four prebendaries, and two singing boys. _Croich_ in Gaelic means a gallows--thus Knockacrochy (gallows hill); Raheenacrochy (the little fort of the gallows), in Ireland. [Sidenote: CROAGH (Gael.),] a hill of a round form--from _cruach_ (a haystack); _e.g._ Croghan, Crohane (the little round hill); Ballycroghan (the town of the little hill), in Ireland; Bencruachan (the stack-shaped hill), in Argyleshire. [Sidenote: CROFT (A.S.),] an enclosed field; _e.g._ Crofton (the town on the croft); Thornycroft (thorny field). [Sidenote: CROM, CRUM (Gadhelic), CRWM (Cym.-Cel.), KRUMM (Ger.), CRUMB (A.S.),] crooked; _e.g._ Cromdale (the winding valley), in Inverness-shire; Croome, in Worcester; Cromlin, Crimlin (the winding glen, _ghlinn_), in Ireland; Krumbach (the winding brook); Krumau and Krumenau (the winding water or valley); Ancrum, a village in Roxburghshire, situated at the _bend_ of the R. Alne at its confluence with the Teviot. [Sidenote: CRUG (Welsh),]