a valley, sometimes a field, English _dale_ or _dell_, and often joined to the name of the river which flows through the district; _e.g._ Clydesdale, Teviotdale, Nithsdale, Liddesdale, Dovedale, Arundel, Dryfesdale, corrupt. to _Drysdale_ (the valley of the Clyde, Teviot, Nith, Liddel, Dove, Arun, Dryfe); Rochdale, on the Roch, an affluent of the Trivell; Dalmellington (the town in the valley of the mill). It is to be noted that in places named by the Teut. and Scand. races, this root-word, as well as others, is placed after the adjective or defining word; while by the Celtic races it is placed first. Thus, in Scandinavia, and in localities of Great Britain where the Danes and Norsemen had settlements, we have--Romsdalen and Vaerdal, the valleys of the Raumer and Vaer, in Norway; Langenthal, on the R. Langent, in Switzerland; Rydal (rye valley), Westmoreland; Laugdalr (the valley of warm springs), Iceland. In districts again peopled by the Saxons, Avondale, Annandale (the valleys of the Avon and Annan). This is the general rule, although there are exceptions--Rosenthal (the valley of roses); Inn-thal (of the R. Inn); Freudenthal (of joy); Fromenthal (wheat valley); Grunthal (green valley). In Gaelic, Irish, and Welsh names, on the contrary, _dal_ precedes the defining word; _e.g._ Dalry and Dalrigh (king’s level field); Dalbeth and Dalbeathie (the field of birches); Dalginross (the field at the head of the promontory or wood); Dalness and Dallas (the field of the cascade, _cas_); Dalserf (of St. Serf); Dailly, in Ayrshire, anc. _Dalmaolkeran_ (the field of the servant, _maol_, of St. Kiaran); Dalrymple (the valley of the rumbling pool, _ruaemleagh_); Dalgarnock (of the rough hillock); Dalhousie (the field at the corner of the water, _i.e._ of the Esk); Dalwhinnie (the field of the meeting, _coinneach_); Dalziel (beautiful field, _geal_); Dalguise (of the fir-trees, _giuthas_); Dalnaspittal (the field of the _spideal_, _i.e._ the house of entertainment); Dalnacheaich (of the stone); Dalnacraoibhe (of the tree); Dalbowie (yellow field). Dollar, in Clackmannan, may be from this root, although there is a tradition that it took its name from a castle in the parish called Castle-Gloom, Gael. _doillair_ (dark); Deal or Dole (the valley in Kent); Dol and Dole, in Brittany, with the same meaning; Doldrewin (the valley of the Druidical circles in Wales); Dolquan (the owl’s meadow); Dolau-Cothi (the meadows of the River Cothi); Dolgelly (the grove of hazels); Dalkeith (the narrow valley, _caeth_); Codale (cow field); Grisdale (swine field); Gasdale (goosefield); Balderdale, Silverdale, Uldale, Ennerdale, Ransdale (from the personal names, Balder, Sölvar, Ulf, Einer, Hrani); Brachendale (the valley of ferns); Berrydale, in Caithness, corrupt. from Old Norse, _Berudalr_ (the valley of the productive wood); Dalecarlia, called by the Swedes _Dahlena_ (the valleys); Dieppedal (deep valley); Stendal (stony valley); Oundle, in Northampton, corrupt.