a stronghold, a hill fort, cognate with the Welsh _din_. As an adjective, _dun_ or _don_ means strong, as in Dunluce, _i.e._ _dun-lios_ (strong fort); Duncladh (strong dyke). As a verb, it signifies what is closed or shut in, _dunadh_, with the same meaning as the Teut. _tun_, as in Corra-dhunta (the closed weir). Its full signification, therefore, is a strong enclosed place, and the name was accordingly applied in old times to forts surrounded by several circumvallations, the remains of which are still found in Ireland and Scotland. Many such places are called simply _doon_ or _down_; _e.g._ Doune Castle, in Perthshire; Down-Patrick, named from an entrenched _dun_ near the cathedral; Down and the Downs, King’s Co. and West Meath; Dooneen and Downing (little fort); Dundalk, _i.e._ _Dun-Dealgan_ (Delga’s fort); Dundonald (the fort of Domhnall); Dungannon (Geanan’s fort); Dungarvan (Garvan’s fort); Dunleary (Laeghaire’s fort), now Kingston; Dunhill and Dunally, for _Dun-aille_ (the fort on the cliff); Downamona (of the bog); Shandon (old fort); Doonard (high fort); and many others in Ireland. In Scotland: Dumbarton (the hill fort of the Britons or Cumbrians); Dumfries (the fort among shrubs, _preas_, or of the Feresians, _Caer Pheris_)--_v._ Dr. Skene’s _Book of Wales_; Dunbar (the fort on the summit, or of Barr, a chief); Dunblane (of St. Blane); Dundee, Lat. _Tao-dunum_, probably for _Dun-Tatha_ (the fort on the Tay); Dunedin, or Edinburgh (Edwin’s fort), so named by a prince of Northumberland in 628--its earlier names were _Dunmonadh_ (the fort of the hill), or in Welsh _Dinas-Agned_ (the city of the painted people), and the _Castrum-Alatum_ of Ptolemy. The Pictish maidens of the royal race were kept in Edinburgh Castle, hence it was also called _Castrum-Puellarum_; Dunottar (the fort on the reef, _oiter_); Dunfermline (the fort of the alder-tree pool, or of the winding pool); Dundrennan (the fort of the thorn bushes); Dunlop (the fortified hill at the angle of the stream, _lub_); Dunkeld, anc. _Duncalden_ (the fort of hazels); Dunbeath (of the birches); Dunrobin (Robert’s fortress), founded by Robert, Earl of Sutherland; Dunure (of the yew-trees); Dunnichen, _i.e._ _Dunn-Nechtan_ (of Nechtan, a Pictish king); Dunsyre (the prophet’s hill or fort); Donegall, Irish _Dungall_ (_i.e._ the fort of the strangers, the Danes); Lexdon, in Essex, Lat. _Legionis-dunum_ (the fort of the legion); Leyden, in Holland, Lat. _Lugdunum-Batavorum_ (the fortress of the Batavians, in the hollow, _lug_); Lyons, anc. _Lugdunum_ (the fort in the hollow); Maldon, in Essex, anc. _Camelodunum_ (the fort of the Celtic war-god Camal); Melun, anc. _Melodunum_ (bald fort, _maol_), in France; Nevers, Lat. _Noviodunum_ (new fort), in France; Thuin, in Belgium, and Thun, in Switzerland (_dun_, the hill fort); Yverdun, anc. _Ebrodunum_ (the fort on the water, _bior_); Kempten, in Germany, anc. _Campodunum_ (the fort in the field); Issoudun (the fort on the water, _uisge_);