The second bed B is about fifteen feet in thickness, but towards both extremities of the cliff (not included in the diagram) it either thins out and dies away, or passes insensibly into an overlying bed of gravel. It consists of red, tough clayey mud, with minute linear cavities; it is marked with faint horizontal shades of colour; it includes a few pebbles, and rarely a minute particle of shell: in one spot, the dermal armour and a few bones of a Dasypoid quadruped were embedded in it: it fills up furrows in the underlying gravel. With the exception of the few pebbles and particles of shells, this bed resembles the true Pampean mud; but it still more closely resembles the clayey flats (mentioned in the First Chapter) separating the successively rising parallel ranges of sand-dunes. The bed C is of stratified gravel, like the lowest one; it fills up furrows in the underlying red mud, and is sometimes interstratified with it, and sometimes insensibly passes into it; as the red mud thins out, this upper gravel thickens. Shells are more numerous in it than in the lower gravel; but the bones, though some are still present, are less numerous. In one part, however, where this gravel and the red mud passed into each other, I found several bones and a tolerably perfect head of the Megatherium. Some of the large Volutas, though embedded in the gravel-bed C, were filled with the red mud, including great numbers of the little recent Paludestrina australis. These three lower beds are covered by an unconformable mantle D of stratified sandy earth, including many pebbles of quartz, pumice and phonolite, land and sea-shells. M. d’Orbigny has been so obliging as to name for me the twenty species of Mollusca embedded in the two gravel beds: they consist of:— 1. Volutella angulata, d’Orbigny, “Voyage” Mollusq. and Pal. 2. Voluta Braziliana, Sol 3. Olicancilleria Braziliensis d’Orbigny. 4. Olicancilleria auricularia, d’Orbigny. 5. Olivina puelchana, d’Orbigny. 6. Buccinanops cochlidium, d’Orbigny. 7. Buccinanops globulosum, d’Orbigny. 8. Colombella sertulariarum, d’Orbigny. 9. Trochus Patagonicus, and var. of ditto, d’Orbigny. 10. Paludestrina Australis, d’Orbigny. 11. Fissurella Patagonica, d’Orbigny. 12. Crepidula muricata, Lam. 13. Venus purpurata, Lam. 14. Venus rostrata, Phillippi. 15. Mytilus Darwinianus, d’Orbigny. 16. Nucula semiornata, d’Orbigny. 17. Cardita Patagonica, d’Orbigny. 18. Corbula Patagonica (?), d’Orbigny. 19. Pecten tethuelchus, d’Orbigny. 20. Ostrea puelchana, d’Orbigny. 21. A living species of Balanus. 22 and 23. An Astrae and encrusting Flustra, apparently identical with species now living in the bay.