Geological Observations on South AmericaDarwin, Charles
Science
Geological Observations on South America
Darwin, Charles
Beagle Expedition (1831-1836); Geology -- South America; Mollusks, Fossil -- South America; Paleontology
In several places I was particularly struck with the fact, that the
fine laminae of the clay-slate, where cutting straight through the
bands of stratification, and therefore indisputably true
cleavage-planes, differed slightly in their greyish and greenish tints
of colour, in compactness, and in some of the laminae having a rather
more jaspery appearance than others. I have not seen this fact
recorded, and it appears to me important, for it shows that the same
cause which has produced the highly fissile structure, has altered in a
slight degree the mineralogical character of the rock in the same
planes. The bands of stratification, just alluded to, can be
distinguished in many places, especially in Navarin Island, but only on
the weathered surfaces of the slate; they consist of slightly
undulatory zones of different shades of colour and of thicknesses, and
resemble the marks (more closely than anything else to which I can
compare them) left on the inside of a vessel by the draining away of
some dirty slightly agitated liquid: no difference in composition,
corresponding with these zones, could be seen in freshly fractured
surfaces. In the more level parts of Navarin Island, these bands of
stratification were nearly horizontal; but on the flanks of the
mountains they were inclined from them, but in no instance that I saw
at a very high angle. There can, I think, be no doubt that these zones,
which appear only on the weathered surfaces, are the last vestiges of
the original planes of stratification, now almost obliterated by the
highly fissile and altered structure which the mass has assumed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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