[Footnote 43: Horner, Alluvial Land of Egypt, Phil. Trans., part I., for 1855; Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. i., pp. 431-9.] [Footnote 44: The English Cyclopædia, Alluvium.] [Footnote 45: Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. i., chapters XVIII., XIX.] [Footnote 46: Consolations in Travel, p. 127.] [Footnote 47: Handbook of Rome and its Environs: Murray, 1858, p. 325.] [Footnote 48: Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. i., 400-3.] [Footnote 49: Jukes, Manual of Geology, p. 127.] [Footnote 50: See his Lecture On a Piece of Chalk, delivered during the Meeting of the British Association at Norwich, 1868.] [Footnote 51: Lyell, Elements of Geology, p. 318.] [Footnote 52: Lyell, Principles of Geology, vol. ii., chap. xlix.; Mantell, Wonders of Geology, Lecture vi.; Jukes, Manual of Geology, pp. 130-3.] [Footnote 53: Sacred Philosophy of the Seasons, by the Rev. Henry Duncan, D.D.; Summer, p. 168.] [Footnote 54: Ps. xcix. 3.] [Footnote 55: Kotzebue’s Voyages, 1815-18, vol. iii., pp. 331-33.] [Footnote 56: Wonders of Geology, p. 648.] [Footnote 57: Organic Remains of a Former World, vol. ii., p. 16.] [Footnote 58: Carbonic acid gas contains two equivalents of oxygen to one of carbon, the chemical expression for the compound being CO_{2}; carburetted hydrogen, which is the gas we employ in illuminating our streets and houses, contains four equivalents of hydrogen to two of carbon, and is chemically expressed by the symbols C_{2}H_{4}; water is composed of one equivalent of oxygen, and one of hydrogen, the symbolic form being HO.] [Footnote 59: See Jukes, Manual of Geology, pp. 138-141; Lyell, Elements of Geology, p. 500.] [Footnote 60: Jukes, Manual of Geology, p. 140.] [Footnote 61: See Mantell, Wonders of Geology, pp. 680-2; also 760; Lyell, Elements of Geology, 464, 465.] [Footnote 62: Elements of Geology, p. 488.] [Footnote 63: Mantell, Wonders of Geology, p. 67.] [Footnote 64: Mantell, Wonders of Geology, p. 66.] [Footnote 65: Id. Ib.] [Footnote 66: Chemical Technology, Ronalds and Richardson, vol. i., p. 32.] [Footnote 67: See Lyell, Elements of Geology, 477-81; Jukes, Manual of Geology, 138, 149-53; The English Cyclopædia, Natural History Department, Article, Coal; Mantell, Fossils of the British Museum, Chapter i., Part I.] [Footnote 68: Page, Advanced Text-Book of Geology, n. 7, pp. 20, 21.] [Footnote 69: From the Latin _Fossilis_, _dug up_.] [Footnote 70: Elements of Geology, p. 38.] [Footnote 71: Elements of Geology, p. 40.] [Footnote 72: Manual of Geology, p. 375.] [Footnote 73: Lyell, Elements of Geology, pp. 40-41. The reader will find a singularly clear and simple exposition of this subject in Doctor Haughton’s Manual of Geology, Lecture III.; an exposition which it was not our good fortune to have read until our own brief summary was already in type.] [Footnote 74: Buckland, Bridgewater Treatise, vol. i., p. 123; Mantell, Wonders of Geology, p. 269; Lyell, Elements of Geology, p. 687.]