George Washington: Farmer: Being an Account of His Home Life and Agricultural ActivitiesHaworth, Paul Leland
History
George Washington: Farmer: Being an Account of His Home Life and Agricultural Activities
Haworth, Paul Leland
Mount Vernon (Va. : Estate); Washington, George, 1732-1799 -- Homes and haunts -- Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)
Visitors at Mount Vernon saw many faces there, but only a few were white
faces, the rest were those of black slaves. On each farm stood a village
of wooden huts, where turbaned mammies crooned and piccaninnies gamboled
in the sunshine. The cooks, the house servants, the coachmen, the stable
boys, almost all the manual workers were slaves. Even the Mansion House
grounds, if the master was away, were apt to be overrun with black
children, for though only the progeny of a few house servants were
supposed to enter the precincts, the others often disregarded the
prohibition, to the destruction of the Farmer's flowers and rare shrubs.
From his father Washington inherited ten or a dozen slaves and, as
occasion required or opportunity offered, he added to the number. By
1760 he paid taxes on forty-nine slaves, in 1770 on eighty-seven and in
1774 on one hundred thirty-five. Presently he found himself overstocked
and in 1778 expressed a wish to barter for land some "Negroes, of whom I
every day long more to get clear of[7]." Still later he declared that he
had more negroes than could be employed to advantage on his estate, but
was principled against selling any, while hiring them out was almost as
bad. "What then is to be done? Something or I shall be ruined."
[7] In 1754 he bought a "fellow" for £40.5, another named Jack for £52.5
and a woman called Clio for £50. Two years later he acquired two negro
men and a woman for £86, and from Governor Dinwiddie a woman and child
for £60. In 1758 he got Gregory for £60.9. Mount Vernon brought him
eighteen more. Mrs. Washington was the owner of a great many slaves,
which he called the "dower Negroes," and with part of the money she
brought him he acquired yet others. The year of his marriage he bought
Will for £50, another fellow for £60, Hannah and child for £80 and nine
others for £406. In 1762 he acquired two of Fielding Lewis for £115,
seven of Lee Massey for £300, also one-handed Charles for £30. Two years
later he bought two men and a woman of the estate of Francis Hobbs for
£128.10, the woman being evidently of inferior quality, for she cost
only £20. Another slave purchased that year from Sarah Alexander was
more valuable, costing £76. Judy and child, obtained of Garvin Corbin,
cost £63. Two mulattoes, Will and Frank, bought of Mary Lee in 1768,
cost £61.15 and £50, and Will became famous as a body servant; Adam and
Frank, bought of the same owner, cost £38. He bought five more slaves in
1772. Some writers say that this was his last purchase, but it is
certain that thereafter he at least took a few in payment of debts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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