_Extremo metu_ is to be closely connected with _corpora_. For the sense of _defixere_, cf. Ann. 13, 5: pavore defixis. _Ederetis_. Subj. cf. H. 500, 2; Z. 556, a. _Transigite cum expeditionibus_==finite expeditiones. Dr. Cf. G. 19: cum spe--transigitur, note. _Quinquaginta annis_. So many years, it might be said to be in round numbers, though actually somewhat _less_ than fifty years, since the dominion of Rome was first established in Britain under the Emperor Claudius. Cf. 13, supra.--The speech of A. is not equal to that of Galgacus. He had not so good a cause. He could not appeal to the sacred principles of justice and liberty, to the love of home and household gods. But he makes the best of a bad cause. The speech is worthy of a Roman commander, and touches with masterly skill all those chords in a Roman soldier's breast, that were never touched in vain. XXXV. _Et==both_. Both while he was speaking and after he had ceased, the soldiers manifested their ardor, etc. _Instinctos_. Cf. note 16: instincti. _Aciem firmarent_==aciem firmam facerent, of which use there are examples not only in T., but in Liv. Dr. The auxiliary foot _formea_ or _made up_ (not merely strengthened) _the centre_.--_Affunderentur. Were attached to_.--_Pro vallo. On the rampart_; properly on the fore part of it. Cf. note, H. 1, 29. _Ingens--decus_. In app. with _legiones--stetere_. _Bellanti_, sc. Agricolae. Al. bellandi. _In speciem_. Cf. in suam famam, 8, and in jactationem, 5. _Aequo_. Supply consisteret to correspond with _insurgeret_. Zeugma. Cf. note, 18: in aequum. _Media campi_. _The intervening parts of the plain_, sc. between the two armies.--_Covinarius_ is found only in T. _Covinarii_==the essedarii of Caesar. Covinus erat currus Belgarum, a quibus cum Britanni acceperant. Dr. _Pedes_. Nom. sing, in app. with subject of _constitit_. XXXVI. _Indentibus gladiis_, etc. So below: _parva scuta_, etc. The small shield and broad sword of the Highlanders. _Donec--cohortatus est_. Cf. note, G. 37: _affectavere_.--_Batavorum cohortes_. Al. _tres--cohortes_. But the number is not specified in the best MSS. In the Histories, eight cohorts of Batavians are often mentioned as constituting the auxiliaries of the 14th legion, which was now in Britain. See Rit. in loc. _Ad mucrones_. The Britons were accustomed to fight with the edge of the sword, and cut and hew the enemy. The Romans, on the contrary, made use of the _point_. Of course in a close engagement, they would have greatly the advantage. Br.--_Ad manus_. The opposite of _eminus_, i.e. _a close engagement_. The same thing is expressed below by _complexum armorum_. _In aperto pugnam_. Literally a fight in the open field, i.e. a _regular_ pitched _battle_, which with its compact masses would be less favorable to the large swords of the Britons, than a battle on ground uncleared of thickets and forests. Al. _in arto_.