Giant brains; or, Machines that thinkBerkeley, Edmund Callis
Science
Giant brains; or, Machines that think
Berkeley, Edmund Callis
Computers -- Popular works
In most but not quite all respects, the two halves, _Computer 1_ and
_Computer 2_, can compute independently. The _storing register frames_
hold enough relays to store 30 numbers. The registers for these
numbers are named _A, B, C, D_, ···, _M, N, O_ in two groups of 15
each. One group belongs to Computer 1 and the other to Computer 2. In
each Computer, the _calculator frames_ hold enough relays for storing
two numbers (held in the _X_ and _Y_ registers) and for performing
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root. In
each Computer, the _problem frame_ stores the numbers that are read off
the problem tape and the table tapes, and the _printer frame_ stores
the numbers that are read into the printer. The printer frame also
stores indications, for example, the signs of numbers, plus or minus,
for purposes of combining them. These frames also hold the relays that
control the printer, the problem tape, and the table tapes. Jointly for
both Computers, the _position frames_ connect a problem in some problem
position to a Computer that becomes idle. For example, one problem
may finish in the middle of the night; the machine automatically and
unattended switches to another problem position and proceeds with the
instructions there contained. A backlog of computing on hand can be
stored in two of the problem positions, while the other two control the
two Computers. In each Computer, the _routine frames_ hold the relays
that make the Computer follow the routine instructions. Jointly for
both Computers, the remaining frames—the _control frames_, the _BTL
frames_, and the _permanent table frames_—hold the relays that control:
the alarms and lights for indicating failures; some circuits called the
BTL controls; the tape processor; and the mathematical tables that are
permanently wired into the machine. The permanent table frames hold the
following mathematical functions (see Supplement 2): _sine_, _cosine_,
_antitangent_, _logarithm_, and _antilogarithm_.
Storing
Numbers can be stored in the machine in the 30 regular storing
registers of both Computers together. They can also be stored, at the
cost of tying up some machine capacity, in the other registers: the 4
calculator registers, the 2 problem registers, the 2 table registers,
and the 2 printer registers. Numbers can also be punched out on tape,
in either of the two printers, and later read again from the tape.
Labels identifying the numbers can also be punched and read again from
the tape.
Each register in the machine stores a number in the biquinary notation,
as explained above. In programming the machine, after mentioning a
register it is necessary—as a part of the scheme for checking—to tell
the machine specifically whether to hold the number in the register or
to clear it.
Addition and Subtraction
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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