The temperature which Mr. Kovarik recorded on the 16th of April at
_Locus Glacialis_ of +1.1 seems an anomalous one. On writing to him
he sent me the following explanation: "April 16th, after I left the
thermometer at _Locus Glacialis_ the usual time, I noticed that it
registered +1.1° C. It seemed singular, for at both the Division and
the End, the thermometer registered considerably lower. I left the
thermometer at its place for about an hour longer, and noticed then
that it did not register differently. I would suggest this explanation:
This is true about water that upon freezing it gives off its latent
heat. Now on April 16th some water dripped into the cave on the wall
near where the thermometer was, about 1.50 meters from the floor. The
amount of water was very small, but as it came in contact with the cold
wall it began to give out its latent heat which affected the close by
thermometer. The temperature of the rock was without doubt between -1.°
and -3°."
Freezing Cavern at Brainard, Iowa. (Alois F. Kovarik, _Decorah Public
Opinion_, September 20th, 1899.)--This little cave is situated on the
north side of a hill about 1.5 kilometers northwest of Brainard. It is
about 4.50 meters deep. On June 10th, 1899, Mr. Kovarik found the floor
and walls covered with ice. The temperature was 0° C. The owner claims
to have taken enough ice out of it on July 4th, 1897, to freeze cream.
Freezing Cave near Elkinsville, Brown County, Indiana. (Clipping from
a western newspaper, 1896.)--The entrance is said to be overlapped by
trees and to resemble a mine shaft. The winding way leads to a hollow
some 15 meters below the surface, resembling a broad vaulted corridor,
which is known to the natives as the devil's chamber and where the
temperature is low. From this point several galleries lead further in,
and from one of them comes a blast of icy cold air. This passage is
similar to the one at the entrance to the cave, but after a few meters
frost is visible, and further on it is thick on all sides, like the
crust that is formed on the pipes of an ice plant. The narrow way leads
to a big chamber, known as the ice vault. In this dome, which is fully
30 meters in width, the ice forms a large stalagmite and is of unknown
depth.
Freezing Gully on Mount Abraham, Maine. (Jackson, _Report of the
Geology of Maine_, 1839, III.)--Ice was found in June at an altitude of
1032 meters among the boulders in one of the gullies of Mount Abraham.
[Illustration: FREEZING CAVERN AT BRAINARD.
From a Photograph by Mr. A. F. Kovarik.
]
Subterranean Ice in King's Ravine, Mount Adams, New
Hampshire.--Described in Part I., page 1.
Ice Gulch on Crescent Mountain, Randolph, New Hampshire.--Described in
Part I., page 83.
Ice in a Hole at Dixville Notch, New Hampshire.--Mr. John Ritchie, Jr.,
of Boston, has examined this place, which he is sure is a refrigerator.
It is in a hole north of the cliff and near its top.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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