What little we have comes mostly from the Venetian archives. We hear
already in the fourteenth century of German hawkers of glass, and of
the skill of the Germans in making glass mirrors.
Footnote 99:
To hollow ware, that is to say. Stained glass for windows, of which
examples still survive, was made in England in the fifteenth century,
and probably even earlier.
Footnote 100:
Compare with these the four hundred and thirty-two _urinalia_
supplied to the Dauphin of the Viennois for a year’s consumption.
Glass, it would appear from an epigram of Martial, was put to a
similar use by the Romans.
Footnote 101:
The village of Kirdford is situated about four miles to the north of
Petworth.
Footnote 102:
It stood for long against the wall of the South Ambulatory. As in
this position the paintings appeared to be suffering from the damp,
it has lately been removed to the Jerusalem Chamber.
Footnote 103:
A fifteenth-century plaque at South Kensington is possibly an
exception. Here the gold leaf lies between two sheets of glass, the
lower one of considerable thickness, but how these sheets are united
I cannot say.
Footnote 104:
In shape they resemble the little bottles in which attar of roses is
still sold in Oriental bazaars, and this resemblance may give a hint
as to their original use.
Footnote 105:
Schefer, _Relation des voyages de Nassiri Khosrau_(1035-1042 A.D.),
pp. 42 and 46. The information from Arab writers collected in the
notes to this work must not be confused with what Khosrau himself
says. There is, however, one important reference to our material in
the text:—we are told that glass, transparent and pure as the
emerald, was sold in Cairo by the weight. This was in Fatimi times.
There may, perhaps, have been some confusion with the glass weights
themselves, of which we have spoken above.
Footnote 106:
We may find, perhaps, what is the last reference to Alexandria in
connection with glass in ‘the most precious vase, _Alexandrini
generis_,’ that the Emperor Henry II. (_d._ 1024 A.D.) presented to
the Abbot of Cluny. This was probably an example of sculptured glass,
which may have come to Henry through his relationship with the
Byzantine emperors.
Footnote 107:
Gustav Schmoranz, _Old Oriental Gilt and Enamelled Glass Vessels_,
1899. One hundred and forty glass lamps are accounted for, of which
number exactly half are now in the Museum of Arab Art at Cairo. The
remaining pieces—goblets, bottles, etc.—only amount to forty-four,
but these are nearly all in European museums or private collections.
Footnote 108:
There was only one, for instance, in the Slade collection. There are
now seven in the British Museum and nine at South Kensington, without
counting the smaller specimens.
Footnote 109:
For the important bearing of this point, see my book on Porcelain in
this series.
Footnote 110:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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