If in the case of the bottle of ruby glass, with the arms of Saxony and the initials J. G., also from the Slade collection (No. 870), these letters are to be referred to the Elector John George (1656-80), Kunckel must have perfected his invention at an early date. Footnote 224: There is a portrait of her in the National Gallery by Jan Lievens. See, for some account of her strange life, the note in the Official Catalogue (p. 305). Another supposed portrait of this lady in the same collection is by Gerard Dou. Footnote 225: The ‘Beaker with the seasons’ in the British Museum (Plate XLIII.) is an example of the more elaborate work of these Dutch designers with the diamond. For though the inscription on this glass is in English, the decoration is undoubtedly by a member of the school of Roemer Vischer. The beaker is dated 1663. Footnote 226: Strictly speaking, the marks on the surface of the glass are rather of the nature of short scratches or dashes than true dots. Footnote 227: For this Wolf’s glass, as it is called in Holland, see the catalogue of the Rijks Museum. In this Museum, too, a portrait of Greenwood may be found. Footnote 228: A more recent work—the _English Table Glasses_, by Mr. Percy Bate—is concerned with little else than a minute classification of these wine-glasses. Footnote 229: One of the early Lorrainers (see below) speaks of the native glass of England as made from _fougère et ronces_. Footnote 230: But it is recorded that a Chiddingfold glass-maker (_à propos_ of the introduction of Lorrainers) confessed that he could not make window-glass—only ‘mortars, bottles, and orinaux.’ I cannot accept the explanation of the last word as ‘water globes placed in front of rushlights’ (see _Sussex Glass_, by Charles Dawson, _Antiquary_, 1905); like the vrynells mentioned above, it came through the French from the mediæval Latin _urinalia_. Compare the list of objects given on p. 134. Footnote 231: According to the Rev. A. W. C. Hallen (_Scottish Antiquary_, 1893) there were four noble stocks of glass-makers in Lorraine. These were the families of Hennezel (which claimed a Bohemian descent), of Thietry, of Du Thisac, and of Le Houx. So in Normandy we find the names of De Bongar, De Caquery, Le Vaillant, and De Brossard. Representatives of nearly all these families appear to have come to England before the end of the sixteenth century, and their names, often strangely corrupted, have been unearthed from parish registers and other documents in many parts of England. The Lorrainers, at least, seem to have been all of them Calvinists. Footnote 232: There had been an earlier unsuccessful attempt at introducing Italian methods, of which I shall have to speak shortly. The Frenchmen do not seem to have come into contact with Verzelini, who was at the time making Venetian glass in London (see below). Footnote 233: