The process carried out is varied in many ways. In some cases pantograph
and etching machines are introduced to give the designs. A warm copper
plate, with the design or ornament engraved thereon, is covered with a
wax paste, and the surplus cleaned off with a palette knife or pad of
felt, leaving the paste in the recesses of the engraving; a piece of
thin tissue paper is laid over the engraved plate and takes an
impression of the design in wax. This tissue is then transferred to the
glass to be decorated, the wax design adheres to the glass, and the
paper is drawn away. A further resist or coating of wax is painted round
the design to protect the rest of the glass, and a paste composition
giving the action of hydrofluoric acid is applied, which after a short
time eats into the exposed portions of glass. After another short
interval, it is washed off, and the wax coating removed by washing the
glass in hot, soapy water. The design then appears in a matt state
against the clear, unattacked glass.
The mechanical method of etching the design is carried out by first
dipping the whole glass into a bath of hot liquid wax, allowing a thin
coating to set and cool upon the surface of the glass. The article is
then introduced into a machine which has a number of needles, worked by
sliding gears in an eccentric fashion. These needles are adjusted just
to scratch away the thin coating of the wax into a design, and expose
the glass in the form of a decorated scroll or band round the glass. The
glass is then dipped into a vat or bath of dilute hydrofluoric acid for
a few minutes, after which it is removed and washed, and the wax
recovered by heating the glass upon a perforated tray, when it melts and
runs off the glass, and is collected for further use. The article is
then washed and cleaned and shows the scroll or etched portions where
the needle has traced the design. Another effective result is obtained
by etching a design on the back of a plate glass panel. After cleaning
and silvering or gilding the back, the design appears in a matt silver
or gilt lustre upon viewing it from the front of the mirror.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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