formed by the water flowing over a low bench along the shore, but at many points more curious effects are produced by the fierce lashings of the lake that toss showers of spray high up on the cliffs, where it freezes into shapes peculiarly wonderful and often radiantly beautiful. “Peter’s Pillar” is a curious ice monument formed by a little waterfall that drops through a hole it has worn in the bluff, but about the base are pretty ice terraces and graceful corrugations, the frozen spray cast from the shore-beating waves of the angry lake. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Illustration: CAVE-OF-THE-WINDS, LAKE SUPERIOR.] [Illustration: EXTERIOR VIEW OF CAVE-OF-THE-WINDS.] The Cave-of-the-Winds presents a royal view of sky and lake, through an archway covered with stalactites, when the observation is taken from within; but its outward appearance is not particularly striking. The cave is shallow in depth and well lighted, so that the ice-covered walls give forth the most gorgeous colors as the reflected rays from the lake fall upon them. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Illustration: BAY OF ISLES, LAKE SUPERIOR.] [Illustration: PAD-LOCK ISLAND, LAKE SUPERIOR.] “The Grand Portal” is a perforation through an elbow of the palisades, and of such magnitude as to appear like a vast cave, when viewed from an angle. Inside, however, it is seen to be a great tunnel, sufficiently curved to barely admit the sight of a small opening at each end. At this point the cliffs jut into the lake, and in winter they are festooned and royally embellished with lovely ice-forms of every imaginable shape. A formation somewhat similar is seen on “Sand Island” of the Apostle Group, where the beating waves have made an excavation through an arm of the palisades sufficiently large to admit the passage of a row-boat. [Illustration: PRINCESS BAY, LAKE SUPERIOR.] [Illustration: THE SEA-ELEPHANT, LAKE SUPERIOR.] But for miles the vertical and gleaming white bluffs of sandstone, sometimes resembling the chalk banks of Albion, distinguish the shore line, and exhibit surprising perforations that are frequently large enough to permit a boat to venture out of sight; and naturally they attract large numbers of summer tourists, who find in these caves, like the “Bay of Isles” and “Cave of the Dark Waters,” excellent trout fishing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Illustration: THE GRAND PORTAL, LAKE SUPERIOR.] [Illustration: GRAND PORTALS, FROM THE LAKE.]