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"Throughout the Galaxy's extended line,
Unnumbered orbs in gay confusion shine;
Where every star that gilds the gloom of night
With the faint tremblings of a distant light,
Perhaps illumes some system of its own
With the strange influence of a radiant sun."
All the stars in the universe have been arranged into groups, which are
called nebulæ or starry systems. The fixed star which we call _our sun_
belongs to that extensive nebula the Milky Way, and, though evidently
of such immeasurable distance from its fellows, it is probably no
farther from them than they are from each other. We know very little of
the number and economy of the stars that compose this group. Herschel
counted five hundred and eighty-eight in a single spot, without moving
his telescope. He found the stars unequally dispersed in all parts of
the constellation, and apparently arranged into separate systems or
clusters. In a small space in Cygni, the stars seem to be clustered
into two distinct divisions, and in each division he counted upwards of
one hundred and sixty-five thousand stars.
Various changes are constantly taking place among the nebulæ. Several
new ones are being formed by the dissolution of larger ones, and it
has been ascertained beyond a doubt that many nebulæ of this kind are
detaching themselves from the Milky Way at the present time. In the
body of Scorpio there is a large opening, four degrees broad, entirely
destitute of stars, through which we get a glimpse of regions of space
beyond.
"Oh, what a confluence of ethereal fires,
From urns unnumbered down the steeps of heaven,
Streams to a point, and centres on my sight!"
Already nearly three thousand nebulæ have been observed, and if each
contains as many stars as the Milky Way in that portion of the heavens
which lies open to our observation, there must be several hundred
millions of stars. How vast and unfathomable to mortal mind must be the
ways and attributes of that intelligence that creates and guides in
unison these starry worlds!
"The hand of God
Has written legibly, that man may know
The glory of his Maker."
This nebula may be traced in the heaven, beginning at the polar star,
through the constellations Cassiopeia, Perseus, Auriga, part of Orion,
and the feet of Gemini, where it crosses the Zodiac, thence over the
equinoctial into the southern hemisphere, through Monoceros and Argo
Navis, St. Charles's Oak, the Cross, the Altar, and the feet of the
Centaur. Here it passes over the Zodiac into the northern hemisphere,
divides itself, one branch running through the tail of Scorpio, the bow
of Sagittarius, the shield of Sobieski, the feet of Antonius, Aquila
Delphinus, the Arrow, and the Swan. The other branch passes through the
upper part of the tail of Scorpio, the side of Serpentarius, Taurus
Poniatowski, Goose, neck of the Swan, head of Cepheus to the polar
star, where it again unites to the place of its beginning.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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