Gout, with a section on ocular disease in the goutyLlewellyn, Llewellyn J. (Llewellyn Jones)
Science
Gout, with a section on ocular disease in the gouty
Llewellyn, Llewellyn J. (Llewellyn Jones)
Eye -- Diseases; Gout
In other words, in gout there is no rift nor lack of finish in the
orderly sequence of enzymatic reactions that eventuate in _uric acid_.
Uric acid is formed and, as far as we know, after a normal fashion.
But, here comes the flaw, viz., the uric acid, when formed, fails of
transport and elimination. It is _precipitated_ and _anchored_ in the
_tissues_, from whose grip it fails to detach itself. In short, it is not
the formation of uric acid, or its failure of further metamorphosis, but
the _retention_ of uric acid, and more pertinently, its _fixation in the
tissues_ that constitutes the salient feature of gout.
Now, all modern research tends to indicate that uric acid is not an
intermediary, but a _terminal_ product of metabolism, and, moreover,
that there are no _uricolytic_ ferments within the body whereby its
destruction can be accomplished.
If we grant that—
(1) Uric acid is not an intermediate but an end-product of
metabolism; and
(2) That the human body is devoid of uric acid-destroying
enzymes,
then it follows that man, _ipso facto_, is _potentially liable to uric
acid retention and deposition_, the same objectivated as _tophi_. In this
innate potentiality of and to _uratosis_ resides the “gouty” diathesis.
If the postulates (1) and (2) be established, then, though it sound rank
heresy, it follows that gout is not, chemically speaking, an “error of
metabolism.” Not, at any rate, in the ordinary acceptation, viz., not
a failure in the transmutation of uric acid into urea and intermediate
products. If uric acid be an _end-product_, then no further cleavage into
_urea_, etc., occurs, and in this connection the failure to discover
_uricolytic enzymes_ is significant.
We have before proffered the suggestion that not only local, but
_constitutional_, or systemic influences also play a part in the origin
of tophi. Provisionally, therefore, we would infer that—
(1) The tissues of gouty subjects display an abnormal affinity
for uric acid, _i.e._, an increased retention capacity for the
same;
(2) That certain chemico-physical factors, previously alluded
to (content of sodium ions, etc.), favour the incidence of
uratic deposits in particular tissues.
In other words, we have in these two elements haply the constitutional
and local factors that we postulate as essential to the formation of
tophi. Albeit, they represent but _latent tissue potentialities_,
inadequate of themselves to determine the eruption of _tophi_.
Moreover, be it recalled that the _causa causans_ of gout must be
responsible not only for the incidence of _tophi_, but also for the more
dramatic features of gout, its _arthritic_ outbreaks, etc. To dissociate
the cause or causes of the uratic deposits from that of the joint
inflammations would indeed appear impermissible.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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