_ 456 À titre de curiosité_ we may note the opinion of Ripalda (_De Ente Supernat._, disp. 17, sect. 1) and Vasquez (_Comment. in S. Theol._, 1a, disp. 91, c. 10) that some pre-Tridentine theologians ascribed to nature the ability of positively disposing itself for actual graces and thereby, though in perfect good faith, entertained Semipelagian views. Even St. Thomas has been accused of conceding too much to Semipelagianism in two of his earlier works (_Comment. in Quatuor Libros Sent._, II, dist. 28, qu. 1, art. 4, and _De Veritate_, qu. 14, art. 11), though his teaching in the _Summa_ is admittedly orthodox. On the extremely doubtful character of such a summary indictment see Palmieri, _De Gratia Divina Actuali_, thes. 34; Schiffini, _De Gratia Divina_, pp. 495 sqq., 542 sqq.; Glossner, _Die Lehre des hl. Thomas von der Gnade_, Mainz 1871. 457 Vasquez, _Comment. in S. Theol._, 1a, disp. 91, c. 10-11. _ 458 Dogmatik_, Vol. II, pp. 191 sq., Ratisbon 1874. _ 459 De Auxil._, III, 2, 3. _ 460 De Gratia Effic._, c. 10. 461 Disproved historically by Palmieri. 462 Cfr. Pesch, _Praelect. Dogmat._, Vol. V, 3rd ed., pp. 119 sqq. 463 Cfr. St. Augustine, _De Praedest. Sanct._, c. 15. 464 Cfr. St. Augustine, _Tract. in Ioa._, 36, n. 4: “_Venit Christus, sed primo salvare, postea iudicare, eos iudicando in poenam, qui salvari noluerunt, eos perducendo ad vitam, qui credendo salutem non respuerunt._” 465 Cfr. Pohle-Preuss, _Soteriology_, pp. 75 sqq., St. Louis 1914. 466 Sess. VI, can. 17: “_Si quis iustificationis gratiam nonnisi praedestinatis ad vitam contingere dixerit, reliquos vero omnes qui vocantur, vocari quidem, sed gratiam non accipere, utpote divinâ potestate praedestinatos ad malum, anathema sit._” (Denzinger-Bannwart, n. 827.) 467 Prop. 5, _apud_ Denzinger-Bannwart, n. 1096. Cfr. Pohle-Preuss, _Soteriology_, p. 76. 468 “_Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit de coelis._” (_Credo_). _ 469 V. infra_, Thesis II. 470 πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτόν. 471 Among them was one of our Lord’s own chosen Apostles. 472 Wisd. XI, 24 sqq.: “_Sed misereris omnium, quia omnia potes, et dissimulas peccata hominum propter poenitentiam. Diligis enim omnia quae sunt et nihil odisti eorum quae fecisti.... Parcis autem omnibus, quoniam tua sunt, Domine, qui amas animas._”