794 On the traditional concepts of “faith” and “justification” as held in the Church before Luther’s time, see Denifle, O. P., _Die abendländischen Schriftausleger bis Luther über die Iustitia Dei und Iustificatio_, Mainz 1905. 795 Cfr. Mark XVI, 15 sq.; Gal. I, 6 sqq.; Tit. III, 10 sq. 796 Cfr. St. Thomas, _Summa Theol._, 2a 2ae, qu. 2, art. 7: “_Post tempus autem gratiae revelatae tam maiores quant minores tenentur [necessitate praecepti] habere fidem explicitam de mysteriis Christi, praecipue quantum ad ea, quae communiter in Ecclesia solemnizantur et publice proponuntur, sicut sunt articuli Incarnationis.... Alias autem subtiles considerationes circa Incarnationis articulos tenentur aliqui magis vel minus explicite credere, secundum quod convenit statui et officio uniuscuiusque._” This point is well developed by Ballerini, _Opus Theologicum Morale_, ed. D. Palmieri, Vol. II, 3rd ed., pp. 9 sqq., Prati 1898. 797 Heb. XI, 6. 798 Chiefly Andrew Vega, Ripalda, and some modern writers. _ 799 Conc. Trid._, Sess. VI, cap. 6; _Conc. Vatican._, Sess. III, cap. 3, _V. supra_, pp. 182 sqq. 800 “_Nonnisi fides unius Dei necessaria videtur necessitate medii, non autem explicita remuneratoris._” _Prop. Damn. ab Innocenti XI._, prop. 22, in Denzinger-Bannwart, n. 1172. 801 Heb. XI, 6. 802 Cfr. Wirceburg, _De Gratia_, n. 120: “_Quia tamen qui credit et sperat remuneratorem supernaturalem, satis hoc ipso etiam credit animae perpetuitatem et necessitatem auxilii melioris ad salutem, fides horum explicita et per distinctos conceptus non semper in re et actualiter necessaria existimatur._” 803 Gregory of Valentia, Becanus, Thomas Sanchez, and many Thomists. 804 Suarez, De Lugo, and a large number of other theologians. 805 Cfr. Rom. III, 22. 806 Cfr. John III, 18. 807 Cfr. Acts IV, 12. 808 Cfr. St. Thomas, _Summa Theol._, 2a 2ae, qu. 2, art. 7, ad 3: “_Si qui salvati fuerunt, quibus revelatio non fuit facta, non fuerunt salvati absque fide mediatoris, quia, etsi non habuerunt fidem explicitam, habuerunt tamen fidem implicitam in divina providentia, credentes Deum esse liberatorem hominum secundum modos sibi placitos._” 809 The practical bearing of this question on the heathens is treated _supra_, pp. 179 sqq. 810 “_Missionarium teneri adulto etiam moribundo, qui incapax omnino non sit, explicare fidei mysteria, quae sunt necessaria necessitate medii, ut sunt praecipue mysteria Trinitatis et Incarnationis._” Cfr. _Prop. Damn. ab Innocentio XI. a._ 1679, prop. 64 (Denzinger-Bannwart, n. 1214). For a full explanation of the topics treated in the present Section consult Suarez, _De Fide_, disp. 12, sect. 4; De Lugo, _De Fide_, disp. 12, sect. 4 sq.; W. Liese, _Der heilsnotwendige Glaube_, Freiburg 1902.