_Phleum_ is not easily confounded with any other of our grasses, and _Briza_ and _Glyceria_ are almost the only other common grasses of about the same size of which the caryopsis often falls free from the palea (“naked fruits”). _Glyceria_ is longer and corn-shaped, and _Briza_ usually larger. _Anthoxanthum_ and _Phalaris_ are easily distinguished. _Agrostis_ is smaller and “corn-shaped.” Certain species of _Panicum_ present resemblances, but the enveloping paleæ, &c. are very different. _Melica_ also occurs as “naked fruits,” but is rarely seen, and its colour and brilliant lustre distinguish it. +B. Glumes not cuspidate. “Fruit” not yellow.+ (_a_) “Fruit” white, owing to the closely investing palea. _Milium effusum._ A common grass, but not often met with in “seed” grasses. It is eagerly eaten by birds. _Milium effusum_, L. (Fig. 52). Palea about 3 mm. long, with few nerves, closely investing the caryopsis: the seed is ellipsoid-acute, slightly compressed, and 2·2-2·7 mm. long. The inner pale becomes hard and shines like porcelain. (_b_) “Fruit” dark-brown shining; slightly flattened and grooved. +Melica.+ [Illustration: Fig. 52. _Milium effusum._ “Seed,” _a_, nat. size; _b_ and _c,_ × 7. Nobbe.] _Melica_ is rarely met with as “seed.” When it is, it has to be distinguished from the other “Millet-seed” types which readily fall as naked fruits--see _Phleum_, _Milium_, &c. _Agrostis_, _Glyceria_ and other corn-shaped “seeds” are easily distinguished. _Melica nutans_, L. (Fig. 53). “Seed” coracle-shaped. Palea broad, parchment-like, elliptic convex, 5-6 mm. long, 5-7 nerved and keeled, awnless, loose, purplish. Caryopsis ellipsoid-acute, 2-3 mm. long, and easily separating, wrinkled, dark shining brown as if lacquered. [Illustration: Fig. 53. Coracle-shaped “seed” of _Melica nutans_, showing the broad, ribbed and keeled palea (_c_), and small rachilla (_d_). _a_, the “seed,” nat. size; _c_ and _d_, ditto, × 8; _b_, the caryopsis, nat. size; _e_ and _f_, ditto, × 10. Nobbe.] _M. uniflora_, Retz. is commoner and very similar, but neither is often met with in “seed” grass, except as impurities among Fescues. The rare _Panicum Crus-galli_ and allies, and the rice-like _Leersia oryzoides_ as well as _Cynodon Dactylon_, come here. Panicums may occur in grass “seed” from America: Burchard describes them in detail. +II. “Seed” long (Corn and Barley type). Caryopsis oblong or flattened, usually trapped between the boat-shaped paleæ: if otherwise, with an awn.+ +A. “Seed” awnless. There may be a short sharp point to the palea (mucronate), but no prominent hair-or bristle-awn exceeding half the length of the palea.+ (_a_) A “web” or tuft of hairs at the base or on the rachilla. (1) _Hairs of basal tuft silky and erect._ * Pencil of hairs as long as palea or longer.