It should perhaps go with the “Millet-seed” type and should be compared with _Phleum_, _Melica_, _Panicum_, &c. “Seed” seldom met with. _B. minor_ is smaller. ** Paleæ not inflated or winged. † _Paleæ broad, flat and truncate, prominently three-ribbed. Caryopsis 2 mm. long._ _Catabrosa aquatica_, Beauv. Cattle like it, but it only grows in ditches &c. in water-meadows: distinction from _Glyceria aquatica_ easy if the paleæ are examined. †† _Paleæ acute or sub-acute, boat-shaped._ ⊙ _Paleæ and “seed” at least 6-8 mm. long._ ≡ _Rachilla flattened or angular, and tapering below._ _Lolium perenne._ Occasionally awned, and then less easily distinguished from _L. temulentum_. One of our most valuable grasses. It forms a distinct type of boat-shaped “seeds.” _Lolium perenne_, L. (Fig. 57). Palea distinctly five-ribbed, glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or sub-acute, awnless, about 7 mm. long. Margins membranous. Inner palea nearly as long, delicate, ciliate. Rachilla short, flattened and angular, tapering below (see _Festuca elatior_). Caryopsis about 3·5 mm. long, obovate, yellowish brown. [Illustration: Fig. 57. _Lolium perenne_ with typical boat-shaped “seed.” _a_, natural size; _b_ and _c_, × about 8. _d_, caryopsis, × 8. The rachilla, in _c_, is broader upwards and flatter than in Fig. 58. Nobbe.] [Illustration: Fig. 58. _Festuca elatior_, var. _pratensis_. Lettering and sizes as in Fig. 57: compare the more cylindrical and slender rachilla. Nobbe.] Although _Bromus mollis_, _Holcus lanatus_, &c. occur as impurities, they are easily distinguished: the real difficulties are with _Festuca elatior_ and _F. pratensis_. ≡≡ _Rachilla cylindrical._ _Festuca elatior._ This is an important grass, and should be thoroughly mastered as a type of the boat-shaped “seed.” This, with _Lolium_, _Agropyrum_, other Fescues, and even some Bromes and Poas, will give trouble until the student thoroughly masters the importance of the minute characters of size, nervature, of the rachilla, awn, palea, &c. _Festuca elatior_, L. (var. _pratensis_) (Fig. 58). Palea ovate-lanceolate, five-nerved, slightly scabrid, with a slight membranous margin and cilia, rounded back, and no awn. 6-7·5 mm. long. Caryopsis oblong-obovate, somewhat flattened, hardly grooved and adhering to the paleæ, about 3-3·5 mm. long. Rachilla cylindrical, smooth.